موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
The Political Economy of Reforms and the Remaking of the Proletarian Class in China, 1980s–2010s - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: CHAPTER 1 Introduction On 1 July 2021, Xi Jinping stated in his speech at the conference of cele- bration of the one-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that the Reform and Opening Up and socialist modernisation is one of the greatest achievements of the CCP.1 In the speech, he said the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “achieved the implementation from the highly centralised planned economic system to the dynamic system of a socialist market economy” (shixian le cong gaodu jizhong de jihua jingji tizhi dao chongman huoli de shehui zhuyi shichang jingji tizhi). Raised up in 1978, the Reform and Opening Up (gaige kaifang ) has lasted for 44 years now, as has the state’s reform of the economic system. As Xi mentioned in his speech, due to the reform of the economic system, China has become the second-largest economy in the world
Rudolf Hilferding What Do We Still Have to Learn from His Legacy? - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Editors and authors are, of course, grateful for the interest of our readers that has made it possible to realise a second edition now. We have made use of this happy occasion to correct mistakes we had overlooked in the first edition, to actualise the texts wherever needed, and to add four texts: one by Michael R. Krätke on the still unpublished notes of Hilferding’s last manuscript which had been published post-humously (discussed as such by F. O. Wolf), and another one, also by Krätke, on Hilferding’s cor- respondence; plus a presentation of Krzywicki, the Polish ‘equivalent’ to Hilferding, by Toporowski, as well as a contribution by the editors open- ing a perspective on Varga. We hope to fuel the incipient debate on Hilferding by providing access to these materials—which are not merely of biographical relevancy. We also have added a contribution on Eugen Varga, leading on to the next collection of texts planned in this series. All authors have had the occasion to revise their texts according to the need they could see for this. Accordingly, the new edition will serve as a use- ful tool for further developing the debate on Hilferding, after it had been unblocked from political fetters resulting from older political antagonisms. We have become aware that there is an important and specific debate on Hilferding in Japan. Minoru Kurata and Masaaki Kurotaki should at least be mentioned here. Unfortunately, we have not been able to find a Japanese author for presenting this debate authentically, for which we only Preface to the second edition xviii PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION have passing references in the volume. This remains an open challenge for further research and debate.1 In finishing this volume, while the terrible ‘military operations’ gener- ated especially by Putin and his narrow power circle are unfolding, we want to underline the deep internationalist character of our work aiming at strengthening critical thinking and emancipatory-solidarity
International Labour Mobility How Remittances Shape the Labour Migration Model - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Migration has become a large-scale phenomenon, which affects all states of the world, regardless of their geographical area or level of economic development, and the ever-increasing number of international migrants has exceeded the growth rate of the world’s population. Therefore, under- standing the role and impact of migration in countries of origin and desti- nation is an important step in ensuring sustainable economic development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. As a result of the increasing attention paid to migration, we consider it very topical to study the impact of the phenomenon on all the countries involved, both those of origin and destination
Manias, Panics, and Crashes A History of Financial Crises Eighth Edition - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: When this work first appeared, it looked back a long way to the financial crisis of the 1930s and revived interest in an old theme. Few books on the subject appeared during the several decades after World War II, following the spate of the 1930s, because the industry that produces them is anticyclical in character,1 and recessions from 1945 to 1973 were few, far between, and exceptionally mild. This work also looked forward, four years it turned out, to the developing country debt crisis of 1982. In the decades since, 1982 proved just the first of four waves of financial crises. Debtors in three, four, or more countries defaulted at about the same time and the prices of real estate and securities in these countries fell sharply. Each country that experienced a financial crisis also had a recession as household wealth declined in response to the sharp fall in the prices of securities and real estate, and as the banks became much more reluctant suppliers of credit as their own capital was depleted. The Great Recession that began in 2008 was the most severe and the most global since the Great Depression of the 1930
Fundamentals_of_Computer_Graphics - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Preface This edition of Fundamentals of Computer Graphics includes substantial rewrites of the material on shading, light reflection, and path tracing, as well as many corrections throughout. This book now provides a better introduction to the tech- niques that go by the names of physics-based materials and physics-based ren- dering and are becoming predominant in actual practice. This material is now better integrated, and we think this book maps well to the way many instructors are organizing graphics courses at present. The organization of this book remains substantially similar to the fourth edi- tion. As we have revised this book over the years, we have endeavored to retain the informal, intuitive style of presentation that characterizes the earlier editions, while at the same time improving consistency, precision, and completeness. We hope the reader will find the result is an appealing platform for a variety of courses in computer graphics. About the Cover The cover image is from Tiger in the Water by J. W. Baker (brushed and air- brushed acrylic on canvas, 16” by 20”, www.jwbart.com). The subject of a tiger is a reference to a wonderful talk given by Alain Fournier (1943–2000) at a workshop at Cornell University in 1998. His talk was an evoca- tive verbal description of the movements of a tiger. He summarized his point: Even though modelling and rendering in computer graphics have been improved tremendously in the past 35 years, we are still not at the point where we can model automatically a tiger swimming in the river in all its glorious details. By automatically I mean in a way that does not need careful manual tweaking by an artist/expert. The bad news is that we have still a long way to go. The good news is that we have still a long way to go
The Ethics of Bribery Theoretical and Empirical Studies - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: he present study is part of a much larger study that examines the ethics of bribery and tax evasion. The bribery studies consist (so far) of two books (McGee & Benk, 2023a; McGee & Benk, 2023y) and many articles and book chapters. Summaries of 28 studies (McGee, 2023a), 24 studies (McGee, 2023b), 44 studies (McGee, 2022a), and 80+ studies (McGee, 2022b) are also available. The tax evasion studies started in 1994 (McGee, 1994) and picked up speed in 1998 when the first book in the tax evasion series was published (McGee, 1998). The second book in the series was published in 2012 (McGee, 2012a). Two more books were recently added to the tax evasion collection (McGee & Shopovski, 2023a, b). Many articles and book chapters on the ethics of tax evasion have been published over the years. Summaries of many of them are available. There are sum- maries of 49 studies that used a survey template that usually consisted of 18 state- ments starting with the phrase, “Tax evasion is ethical if ...” (McGee, 2012b). Another study summarized 23 studies that used World Values Survey data (McGee, 2012c). Other studies summarize 3 studies (McGee, 2012d), 21 studies (McGee, 2022c), 35 studies (McGee, 2022d), 60+ surveys (McGee, 2022e), 70+ theoretical and empirical studies (McGee, 2022f), 100+ studies (McGee, 2022g), 80+ studies (McGee, 2022h), 34+ studies (McGee, 2022i), and 44+ studies (McGee, 2022j). Part II of the book addresses attitudes toward bribery from different religious perspectives. The first chapter in this section provides a comparative study of reli- gious attitudes toward bribery (McGee et al., 2023a). There are also chapters that report on attitudes of Christians (McGee et al., 2023b), Muslims (McGee et al.
Delegate Apportionment in the US Presidential Primaries A Mathematical Analysis - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The purpose of this book is to examine the mathematics of the delegate allocation process in the US presidential primaries. The US presidential primaries are a series of state elections held every four years that determine the Democratic and Republican Parties’ nominees for president in the general election. Presidential candidates in each party are awarded delegates based on their shares of the vote in each state contest. At the end of the primary season, each party holds a national convention. The candidate with a majority of state delegates, after one or more rounds of voting, is selected to be the party’s nominee for president. From a mathematical standpoint, the question of how to allocate delegates is largely a problem of apportionment. Apportionment problems arise when a fixed quantity (such as a number of delegates) must be divided among several constituents (such as candidates) in proportion to some attribute (such as vote share), so that each portion is a whole number. Since delegates are individuals and cannot be divided, their allocation is a matter of apportionment. Apportionment or similar allocation problems occur at multiple stages in the delegate selection process from determining how many delegates each state receives, and how they should be divided between statewide and district delegates, to determining what happens after each primary when the delegates must be awarded to the candidates based on how well they do in the election. Apportionment has been well-studied in the context of allocating state represen- tatives to the US House of Representatives in proportion to state populations. It has also been widely analyzed for its role in proportional representation systems where party seats are awarded to parties based on the vote distribution. It is less well-known in the case of apportioning delegates in the US primaries. Thus the examination of apportionment applied to delegate allocation involves both an identification and anal- ysis of new apportionment methods as well as an evaluation of old and new criteria by which to evaluate their properties. The goal of this book is to do both. We have spent several years researching delegate allocation in presidential primaries and were inspired to write this volume because of the interesting aspects of apportionment arising in this context. The book’s vii viii Preface origin can be traced to 2016, when we observed that the 2016 Georgia Repub- lican party adopted an apportionment method for its state primary that was unique and perhaps the most interesting method we had encountered. This motivated us to investigate the methods used by other state parties, many of which are new, and to consider how the allocation of delegates is affected by elimination thresholds—the minimum levels of support required to receive delegates—and the overall structure of the state delegates selection plans in which delegates are apportioned based on vote distributions in each district and statewide. This led us also to consider how the goals of delegate apportionment differ from that of house or party apportionment— most noticeably in that the state primaries occur over time, and that the end result is not political representation but the declaration of a winner. This means that the usual criteria for evaluating apportionment need to be rethought in an effort to deter- mine what features of traditional apportionment theory are most relevant to delegate apportionment and which features are not.
Make Capitalism History A Practical Framework for Utopia and the Transformation of Society - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: v I do not demand voluntarism nor do I preach an automatism; I rather intend to demonstrate the objective possibility of change and its preconditions. I neither want to paint a utopian picture nor forbid utopian thinking; my aim is to unfold well-founded hope. I neither want to be desperately waiting for the better humans nor seal history’s horrors with man’s evil nature; I rather take humans seriously in their history and their potential. I neither want to waste my life in a never-ending struggle nor bow my head before the overpowering. With confi- dence in existing potential and certainty of well-founded hope, I want to realise human possibilities. For 300 years, capitalism has been turning cooperation into competition, work into exploitation, nature into the insignificant other; it strengthens racism and patriarchy, puts profit before people and, therefore, impedes peace, justice, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Today, when we are facing the risk of a climate crisis, the economic foundation of capitalism makes an ecological restructuring of society impossible. It is time to make capitalism history. To make capitalism history we need an alternative. We cannot demand the end of capitalism without having at least a vague idea of what a soli- dary, free society may look like. This book talks about societal alternatives, which we call utopias, and discusses different ways of how we may reach them. The end of capitalism is a “great transformation” (Polanyi), and such a societal transformation usually involves three aspects: something comes to an end (abolition), something continues (preservation) and something is raised to a qualitatively new level (development)
Living Better Together Social Relations and Economic Governance in the Work of Ostrom and Zelize - PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: olitical economy is a robust field of study that examines the economic and political institutions that shape our interactions with one another. Likewise, social economy focuses on the social interactions, networks, and communities that embody our daily lives. Together, these fields of study seek to understand the historical and contemporary world around us by examining market, political, and social institutions. Through these sectors of life, people come together to exchange goods and services, solve collective problems, and build communities to live better together. Scholarship in this tradition is alive and thriving today. By using the lens of political and social economy, books in this series will examine complex social problems, the institutions that attempt to solve these prob- lems, and the consequences of action within such institutions. Further, this approach lends itself to a variety of methods, including fieldwork, case studies, and experimental economics. Such analysis allows for deeper understanding of social phenomena, detailing the context, incentives, and interactions that shape our lives. This series provides a much-needed space for interdisciplinary research on contemporary topics on political and social economy. In much of academia today, scholars are encouraged to work independently and within the strict boundaries of their disciplines. However, the pursuit of understanding our society requires social scien- tists to collaborate across disciplines, using multiple methods. This series provides such an opportunity for scholars interested in breaking down the boundaries of disciplines in order to better understand the world around us
Helix Network Theory The Dynamic Structure and Evolution of Economy and Society Interdisciplinary Integrated Economics Creating a Brand New “Micro-Meso-Macro” Paradigm - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Foreword by Gong-Meng Chen I first met and started working with Gan Runyuan, the author of the book, around April and May of 2002. Back then, I had just established the China Accounting and Finance Research Centre at Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Shenzhen. Because the research centre was not long established, it was necessary to introduce various talents. Gan Runyuan was one of the first groups of personnel recruited into the research centre. By 2003, with the active support of Cheng Si-Wei, I and my colleagues had founded the China Venture Capital Research Institute. During that period of time, Gan Runyuan worked as my assistant and participated in many tasks at the China Accounting and Finance Research Centre and China Venture Capital Research Institute. He was easy-going, serious in working, and I was always impressed. Later, Gan Runyuan left Shenzhen to Shanghai. However, he still kept in touch with me and participated in several forums organised by the China Venture Capital Research Institute. At the end of March this year, Gan visited Shenzhen. I learned that he had written an economics monograph, Helix Network Theory, and he invited me to write a preface to this book. He said that this is the ten-year brainchild of his toil, blood, and sweat. I did not expect him after leaving Shenzhen for more than ten years, not only reading that many books on economics and sociology but also spending quite a few years writing an econoآیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.