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محصولات
Safety-Critical Automotive Systems - PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Preface The subject of safety-critical automotive systems is growing in importance, as one can see by perusing the latest publications of SAE International. Safety has become an integral and essential part behind the engineering process for the modern vehicle. Vehicle safety is a wide-ranging discipline covering many engineering activities spanning materials, ergonomics, environmental, functional, and so forth. This book covers functional safety, also referred to as system safety. Functional (or system) safety refers to aspects of the overall safety of a vehicle that rely on the vehicle sub-systems producing correct outputs or operating correctly in response to stimuli. The most important vehicle sub-systems are the following: 1. Sensors 2. Actuators 3. Electronic control units (ECUs) 4. Communication systems 5. Software (e.g., application, middleware, drivers) Thus, it is timely that a book covering the most important aspects of functional (i.e., system) safety-critical automotive systems is published. The goals of this book are threefold: 1. To provide a quick introduction to and summary of the subject 2. To provide a classification and analysis of the recent literature on the subject 3. To reproduce the most representative of SAE publications on the subject The task of assembling a book on safety-critical automotive systems is challenging because the subject is complex, involving several technical areas that have contributed to the existing body of knowledge. In addition, the subject is by no means mature. There will be many excellent contributions and publications in the years to come. There are also many good publications in a number of worldwide conferences and/or journals. However, the intent of this book was to consider only SAE publications. Nevertheless, many of the SAE papers in this book include references to other publications. After selecting a number of papers, the question arose as to what criteria should be used to classify these papers. One possible criterion was to organize the papers around the constituent elements of a system (e.g., sensors, actuators, ECUs, communication system, software). Another criterion was to organize the papers along the steps to be followed while building a complete final system. We have decided to use the second criterion. Accordingly, the papers are organized in the following sections: 1. Introduction to safety-critical automotive systems 2. Safety processes to be followed 3. Requirements to be met 4. Analysis and design methods and techniques 5. Prototyping and target implementation 6. Testing, verification, and validation meth
Silent Conflict A Hidden History of Early Soviet-Western Relations - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: It is not easy to study the history of Soviet foreign policy or Soviet relations with the West. Until the beginning of the 1990s the Soviet archives were closed tight. After the collapse and dismemberment of the Soviet Union in 1991, the archives gradually opened, but only partially. Sometimes papers were opened only to be closed again. Russian archivists had tens of thou- sands of papki, or files, in their care and, not always knowing what was in them, were reluctant to open them to researchers. These include, inter alia, the important party archives for the inter-war years at Rossiiskii gosudarstven- nyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii (RGASPI) and the diplomatic papers of the Arkhiv vneshnei politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii (AVPRF), the archives of the Russian foreign ministry. In AVPRF there were and are all sorts of dif- ficulties. Researchers have no access to inventories, so it’s like playing poker when asking archivists for files. Sometimes the files are rich, and you win, and sometimes not, and you lose. Computers were forbidden for a number of years, and photocopies were so costly as to make a new arrival gasp for air. You got used to the impediments and learned to function around them. The excitement of new discoveries and uncharted ground made you forget the numerous irritations
Zufallsbefunde in der Skelettradiologi - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Vorwort Die sich in der Radiologie schon längst etablierte und ständig weiter zunehmende Bilderflut sowie die Modalitäten und Erfolge der Krebstherapien mit ausgedehnten prätherapeutischen und langfristigen Nachsorgeuntersuchungen führen zwangsläufig zur Aufdeckung von immer mehr Zufalls- und Nebenbefunden, die vor allem dem Nichtspezialisten in der Skelettradiologie erhebli- che interpretatorische Probleme bereiten können. Doch wie geht man damit um? Sicherlich nicht, indem man die Bilderflut durch mehr oder weniger ungezielte zusätzliche Unter- suchungsverfahren ausweitet und damit unter Umständen neue Zufallsbefunde kreiert. Das gilt besonders für hoch sensitive aber weniger spezifische Modalitäten. Der anspruchsvolle und präzise Radiologe wird vielmehr ein ergänzendes Verfahren einsetzen, das – an der anatomischen Struktur des Zufallsbefunds orientiert – eine höhere Spezifität besitzt und zu einer begründeten und klinisch brauchbaren Diagnose führt. Der häufig angewendete Trick, sich der Verantwortung zu entziehen und eine histologi- sche Abklärung zu empfehlen, sollte gemieden werden. Denn die histologische Interpretation des Pathologen kann in der Skelett- radiologie nur so gut sein, wie der radiologische Befund klar und richtungsweisend ist. Ich betätige mich seit vielen Jahren als Konsiliarius in der Ske- lettradiologie. Das eingesandte Krankengut besteht zu etwa 50 % aus klinisch asymptomatischen Zufallsbefunden, hinter denen benigne Knochentumoren und tumorähnliche Läsionen, Erkran- kungen im Frühstadium, Teile einer systemischen Erkrankung, ungewöhnliche Normvarianten und vieles mehr stecken können. Es wird an mehr als 160 Fällen und fast 100 differenzialdiag- nostisch passenden Kasuistiken aufgezeigt, wie man professionell an solche Befunde unter Einbeziehung der individuellen Situation des Patienten herangeht, welche Relevanz sie haben und welche sinnvollen Empfehlungen man zum weiteren Prozedere geben kann. Mein Dank für die Überlassung der besonderen Fälle gilt den Kollegen CA Dr. med. Jürgen Wiens, Wolfsburg (Fall 22), Dr. med. Thomas Grieser, Augsburg (Fall 30), Professor Dr. med. Michael Laniado, Dresden (Fälle 34, 61), Privt.-Doz. Dr. Sönke Langner, Greifswald (Fall 45) und CA Dr. med. Nils H. Goecke, Wildes- hausen (Fall 131).
Destructive Coordination, Anfal and Islamic Political Capitalism A New Reading of Contemporary Iran - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: xi The term Anfal in the title of this book is not familiar for the general readership and its meaning cannot be easily understood by referring to English dictionaries. What is Anfal? If you launch an internet search on Anfal, you will encounter two main strands of literature. The first one relates to the Kurdish genocide by Saddam’s regime in the late eighties, and the second is about the eight Surah (chapter) of the Koran known as ‘Al-Anfal’. As Kurdistan regional government has aptly underlined, in Kurdish society, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades. Anfal was the term used by Saddam Hossein to describe a series of eight military campaigns conducted by the Iraqi government against rural Kurdish communities in Iraq, which lasted from February 23 to September 6, 1988.1 The campaign took its name from Surah al-Anfal in the Koran. Al-Anfal literally means the spoils of war (bounties) and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid, the cousin of Saddam Hossein. As President of Iraq, Saddam Hossein frequently used religious language when describing the actions of his Ba’athist regime (see Johns, 2006), portraying Arabs as true defenders of Islam and Kurds as infidels.2
The Ethics of Bribery Theoretical and Empirical Studies - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: he present study is part of a much larger study that examines the ethics of bribery and tax evasion. The bribery studies consist (so far) of two books (McGee & Benk, 2023a; McGee & Benk, 2023y) and many articles and book chapters. Summaries of 28 studies (McGee, 2023a), 24 studies (McGee, 2023b), 44 studies (McGee, 2022a), and 80+ studies (McGee, 2022b) are also available. The tax evasion studies started in 1994 (McGee, 1994) and picked up speed in 1998 when the first book in the tax evasion series was published (McGee, 1998). The second book in the series was published in 2012 (McGee, 2012a). Two more books were recently added to the tax evasion collection (McGee & Shopovski, 2023a, b). Many articles and book chapters on the ethics of tax evasion have been published over the years. Summaries of many of them are available. There are sum- maries of 49 studies that used a survey template that usually consisted of 18 state- ments starting with the phrase, “Tax evasion is ethical if ...” (McGee, 2012b). Another study summarized 23 studies that used World Values Survey data (McGee, 2012c). Other studies summarize 3 studies (McGee, 2012d), 21 studies (McGee, 2022c), 35 studies (McGee, 2022d), 60+ surveys (McGee, 2022e), 70+ theoretical and empirical studies (McGee, 2022f), 100+ studies (McGee, 2022g), 80+ studies (McGee, 2022h), 34+ studies (McGee, 2022i), and 44+ studies (McGee, 2022j). Part II of the book addresses attitudes toward bribery from different religious perspectives. The first chapter in this section provides a comparative study of reli- gious attitudes toward bribery (McGee et al., 2023a). There are also chapters that report on attitudes of Christians (McGee et al., 2023b), Muslims (McGee et al.
Make Capitalism History A Practical Framework for Utopia and the Transformation of Society - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: v I do not demand voluntarism nor do I preach an automatism; I rather intend to demonstrate the objective possibility of change and its preconditions. I neither want to paint a utopian picture nor forbid utopian thinking; my aim is to unfold well-founded hope. I neither want to be desperately waiting for the better humans nor seal history’s horrors with man’s evil nature; I rather take humans seriously in their history and their potential. I neither want to waste my life in a never-ending struggle nor bow my head before the overpowering. With confi- dence in existing potential and certainty of well-founded hope, I want to realise human possibilities. For 300 years, capitalism has been turning cooperation into competition, work into exploitation, nature into the insignificant other; it strengthens racism and patriarchy, puts profit before people and, therefore, impedes peace, justice, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Today, when we are facing the risk of a climate crisis, the economic foundation of capitalism makes an ecological restructuring of society impossible. It is time to make capitalism history. To make capitalism history we need an alternative. We cannot demand the end of capitalism without having at least a vague idea of what a soli- dary, free society may look like. This book talks about societal alternatives, which we call utopias, and discusses different ways of how we may reach them. The end of capitalism is a “great transformation” (Polanyi), and such a societal transformation usually involves three aspects: something comes to an end (abolition), something continues (preservation) and something is raised to a qualitatively new level (development)
HCI International 2022 – Late Breaking Posters - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 4 P. Asghari et al. 1 Introduction Eye tracking (ET) is frequently used, for example, in behavioral research and human-computer interaction. Eye movement patterns can reveal detailed infor- mation about the user’s cognitive processes, their attention level, or decision- making processes [3,12]. Applications and research based on ET require reliable and robust data [9]. Traditionally, this requires dedicated hardware with high- resolution cameras and infrared illumination to detect corneal reflections [7]. However, dedicated hardware is expensive and thus limits the pervasive use in real-world applications. This situation may change since, propelled by recent advances in deep learning, appearance-based gaze estimation methods that deliver promising results based on low-cost consumer-grade camera inputs start to emerge [2,10,11,21]. These approaches learn to estimate gazes from a video stream based on large-scale data sets and provide 3D gaze vectors or correspond- ing 2D gaze locations on a screen. Furthermore, they do not require any specific external devices and can be used with standalone computers, laptop built-in webcams, or mobile device consumer-grade cameras. This opens up the possi- bility of developing affordable automated intelligent ET solutions for research, commerce, and the general public. On the way to realize this ambition, webcam ET (wcET) has to address several challenges including gaze estimation accu- racy, gaze estimator prediction time, and that gaze estimation quality can be affected by user movements [11]. This paper aims to contribute to the first step toward utilizing wcET as a low-cost pervasive technology by validating the data quality of a state-of-the-art wcET approach in comparison to the performance of an established, commercially available dedicated eye tracking (dhET) system. Accordingly, we address the following research question in our work: How does the gaze estimates of wcET differ from dhET in practical settings regarding accu- racy, precision, and sampling rate? We will further discuss how the limitations of the data quality may affect the performance of wcET applications
Game storming by Dave Gray Sunni Brown James Macanufo - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Imagine a boy playing with a ball. He kicks the ball against a wall, and the ball bounces back to him. He stops the ball with his foot and kicks it again. By engaging in this kind of play, the boy learns to associate certain movements of his body with the movements of the ball in space. We could call this associative play. Now imagine that the boy is waiting for a friend. The friend appears, and the two boys begin to walk down a sidewalk together, kicking the ball back and forth as they go. Now the play has gained a social dimension; one boy's actions suggest a response, and vice versa. You could think of this form of play as a kind of improvised conversation, where the two boys engage each other using the ball as a medium. This kind of play has no clear beginning or end; rather, it flows seamlessly from one state into another. We could call this streaming play. Now imagine that the boys come to a small park, and that they become bored simply kicking the ball back and forth. One boy says to the other, "Let's take turns trying to hit that tree. You have to kick the ball from behind this line." The boy draws a line by dragging his heel through the dirt. "We'll take turns kicking the ball. Each time you hit the tree you get a point. First one to five wins." The other boy agrees and they begin to play. Now the play has become a game; a fundamentally different kind of play. What makes a game different? We can break down this very simple game into some basic components that separate it from other kinds of play.Imagine a boy playing with a ball. He kicks the ball against awall, and the ball bounces back to him. He stops the ball with hisfoot and kicks it again. By engaging in this kind of play, the boylearns to associate certain movements of his body with themovements of the ball in space. We could call this associativeplay.Now imagine that the boy is waiting for a friend. The friendappears, and the two boys begin to walk down a sidewalktogether, kicking the ball back and forth as they go. Now theplay has gained a social dimension; one boy's actions suggest aresponse, and vice versa. You could think of this form of play as akind of improvised conversation, where the two boys engageeach other using the ball as a medium. This kind of play has noclear beginning or end; rather, it flows seamlessly from one stateinto another. We could call this streaming play.Now imagine that the boys come to a small park, and that theybecome bored simply kicking the ball back and forth. One boysays to the other, "Let's take turns trying to hit that tree. Youhave to kick the ball from behind this line." The boy draws a lineby dragging his heel through the dirt. "We'll take turns kickingthe ball. Each time you hit the tree you get a point. First one tofive wins." The other boy agrees and they begin to play. Now theplay has become a game; a fundamentally different kind of play.What makes a game different? We can break down this verysimple game into some basic components that separate it fromother kinds of play.
Der verkannte Bürger by Hartmut Kaelble - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Noch am 50. Jahrestag der Römischen Verträge 2007 galt die Europäische Union als ein internationales Erfolgsmodell, in das nicht nur Politiker au- ßerhalb Europas, sondern auch die eigenen Bürger der Europäischen Union (EU) viel Vertrauen setzten. Dieses Modell bekam in den vergangenen Jah- ren, in der Eurokrise und danach in der Flüchtlingskrise, starke Risse. Die Folgen dieser Krisen sind weiterhin spürbar. Es bleibt ein Teil der öffentlichen Erinnerung, dass die Europäische Union an Vertrauen ihrer Bürger verlor und in vielen Mitgliedsländern zeitweise sogar die Gegner der Union über- wogen. Der Brexit verstärkt diese dunkle Erinnerung, auch wenn die Abstim- mung über ihn sehr knapp ausging. Inzwischen ist das Vertrauen der Bürger in die Union zurückgekehrt, aber die EU hat sich weiterhin mit europafeind- lichen Parteien im Europäischen Parlament, in vielen nationalen Parlamenten und in einigen nationalen Regierungen herumzuschlagen. Sie gab es vor der Krise weit weniger. Unter Experten und Intellektuellen stößt die Europäische Union weiterhin auf mehr Skepsis als vor den Krisen, auch wenn die uni- onsfreundlichen Veröffentlichungen in allerjüngster Zeit deutlich zunehmen. Umgekehrt bestehen unter den Europapolitikern häufig Irritationen und auch Misstrauen gegenüber den Bürgern. Aus ihrer Sicht sind die Bürger ent- weder schwer für die Union zu mobilisieren, wie etwa bei den Europawahlen, oder zu wenig widerstandsfähig gegen antieuropäische Angstkampagnen wie beim französischen und niederländischen Nein 2005 und beim Brexit 2016. Die Beziehung zwischen Bürgern und Europäischer Union, die früher eher als uninteressanter Seitenast der Geschichte der europäischen Integration an- gesehen wurde, ist inzwischen ein schwelendes Krisenthema geworden
Das Europäische Parlament 1979–2004 by Verlag W. Kohlhammer - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 2004, Brüssel, 7.00 Uhr: Der Schuman-Kreisel, einer der Hauptverkehrskno- tenpunkte im Europadistrikt, wird wie fast jeden Morgen von hunderten Au- tofahrern1 , nicht zuletzt Angestellten und Abgeordneten des Europäischen Parlaments (EP), durchfahren und überlastet. Haben sie ihn passiert, ragt auf der rechten Seite das imposante Gebäude der Europäischen Kommission in die Höhe, ein paar Straßen weiter die Gebäude des Europäischen Parlaments. Als Metapher für Selbstfindung und Selbstorganisation lässt sich das frühmorgend- liche Treiben auf den Straßen unmittelbar vor den europäischen Institutionen lesen. Darin ist es vergleichbar mit der Selbstfindung und Selbstverortung, die das Europäische Parlament seit 1979 zu jener Institution machten, die wir heute kennen. 2004, Brüssel, 7.00 Uhr, Rue Wiertz: Noch ist es still vor den Gebäuden des Europäischen Parlaments. Hohe Glasfassaden auf der einen Seite und ein im- posanter, säulenumkränzter Eingang auf der anderen Seite flankieren die sehr klein erscheinende Rue Wiertz. Ein schmaler Durchgang führt zu den neuesten Gebäuden über der Gare du Luxembourg. Glasbrücken verbinden alle Bauten miteinander. Die ersten, in Anzüge und Kostüme gekleideten Personen, aber auch die in Jeans und mit Laptop unter dem Arm, laufen auf den Eingang zu, die obligatorische Security-Card bereitwillig gezückt. In der Eingangshalle tref- fen Abgeordnete, Praktikanten und persönliche Referenten aufeinander, um ihren Arbeitstag zu beginnen. Für die Verwaltungsangestellten hat er längst be- gonnen. Alles läuft in festen Bahnen ab, die den Menschen außerhalb des Par- laments jedoch technisch, hochbürokratisch und weit weg von ihrem eigenen Alltag erscheinen mögenآیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.