موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Understanding Economic Transitions - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Around 1990, about a quarter of the world’s population lived in middle-income socialist economies and another quarter in high-income and middle-income cap- italist economies. The remainder lived in low-income economies with varying admixtures of planning, markets, and informal exchange institutions. Forty years later, the remaining outposts of socialism are Cuba and North Korea, while a few others (mainly in the former states of the Soviet Union) wallow in the no man’s land of neither functional capitalism nor socialism. The USSR sustained seven decades of statist socialism between 1922 and 1992, Central Eastern Europe (CE) and Southeastern Europe (SEE) for nearly five decades, and China for a little over three decades. By 2000, nearly all have systemically “transitioned” from a centrally-planned economy to some form of a decentrally organized market economy. How and why large parts of Europe, Eurasia, and East Asia transitioned out of the capitalist system in 1917–1952, how they managed to industrialize in non-market settings, and how and why they came back to the capitalist fold are questions comparative economic systems seek to address. Furthermore, this wrenching structural change entailed a concomitant political transition from a monoparty system to an illiberal multiparty system in formerly socialist Europe and the former Soviet Union (FSU). Comparative Economic Systems (CES) focuses on the workings of institu- tional economic mechanisms across economic systems and income levels. CES, at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels, dwells on the two foundations of an economic system: ownership types for productive assets (state vs. private) and the degree of centralization of decision-making over resource allocation and income distribu- tion (plan vs. market). The conceptual entry points are incentives (known rewards or residual legatee rights) and the sources of discipline (bureaucratic-based or market-based competition). More broadly, Comparative Economics (CE), which is broader than CES, melds the study of economic systems with historical insti- tutionalism and development economics to explore the determinants of prosperity and inequality properties over time and across economic space within a given economic system
Food Security in the Economy of the Futur - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Computerized agricultural machinery has simplified and improved the comfort of agricultural labor, providing a significant increase in produc- tivity and production capacity. Internet-based e-commerce has optimized value chains in the agro-industrial sector. State Internet monitoring of the activities of agricultural enterprises has increased the accountability of their activities and the effectiveness of the agricultural policy. As digital agriculture took shape in the late twentieth and early twenty- first centuries, it successfully addressed key food security issues of the time. Countries have had the opportunity to implement ambitious food security doctrines and cover the entire population with nutrition security moni- toring programs. The then-existing demand for food was temporarily covered. However, the situation has changed dramatically as new global challenges to food security have emerged
Capitalism at a Crossroads A New Reset? - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Introduction Ali Ari Abstract Over the last three decades, the world economy has faced several complex and interrelated problems such as global climate change, food and energy scarcity, rising inequality, poverty, and more frequent and severe financial and economic crises. However, the capitalist system has been struggling to bring responses to those increasing problems and uncertainty. This has generated lively debates on the sustainability of the liberal capitalist economic system. Therefore, this book aims first to assess current problems of the world economy from a theoretical and empirical perspective, then to propose plausible answers from different points of view to restore the capitalist economic system. Keywords Capitalism · Sustainability · Growth · Climate change · Global warming · Agriculture · Energy · Inequality · Debt · Financial crises · Financialization · Poverty · Trade wars · COVID-19 · Political crises · Economic security · Artificial intelligence · Technological change · Great reset · Degrowth · Green deals · Solidarity economy · Balance of power · Smart cities
Law and Economic Development - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Kaushik Basu and Ajit Mishra In recent decades and especially in the last few years, we have witnessed several dramatic changes in the global economy. The rise of artificial intelligence, digital technology, and mega platforms that collect data and facilitate trade is changing the landscape of economics. Rapid globaliza- tion since the end of World War II, with a pick-up in pace over the last three to four decades, has created new challenges for law and regulation since increasingly contentious conflicts arise, which span multiple coun- tries and legal jurisdictions. With new technology and globalization, the demand for traditional labor has been declining, creating new societal tensions and political polarization. Digital technology is giving rise to massive economies of scal
Molly Morningstar Molly On Ice: A Fun Story About Building Self-Esteem, a Growth Mindset and the Power of Yet (Molly Morningstar Series) - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: A growth mindset can help your kids tackle anything - even ice skating! Molly Morningstar yearns to jump on ice during the skating show, but she’s frustrated by what she can't do... YET! After falling again and again, Molly learns that the fun begins when she gets back up. After all, it takes time to learn new skills. Parents and teachers - this is the life lesson you want your children to learn: it’s OK to make mistakes. Practice makes perfect. MOLLY ON ICE shows your child how to use the power of yet to overcome challenges. The Molly Morningstar award-winning book series is geared to kids 3-8 and the teachers who inspire them. Buy your copy now and go to www.abcbooknook.com to get free teacher resources for your classroom!
Digital and Sustainable Transformations in a Post-COVID World Economic, Social, and Environmental Challenges - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The worst of times in 50 years. Wars, pandemics, and climate change. In addition, to civil and drug wars, ethnic violence, and terrorist insurgen- cies, now we are suffering a Geopolitics war. Over a half billion infected people and 6 million passed away. Climate change worsens natural disas- ters such as floods, drought, wildfires, and hurricanes. Pain, life losses, grief and suffering, exodus, and famine. In brief a humanitarian disaster. No doubt, these conditions exercise pressure to accelerate a transfor- mation. Global warming warns of carbon dependence. Change demands large-scale investments in renewable energy, but this solution is not contradiction-free. This technology requires rare earth minerals and other scarce and non-renewable materials found in a few countries. In times of deglobalization, opening trade is demanded to enable such a transfor- mation. We are living for these conditions: severe economic disruptions, higher costs of living, energy, commodities, and food price shocks. How is the world after a persistent COVID-19 pandemic? The COVID-19 pandemic is a decreasing worry since several parts of the world are becoming endemic, but we still suffer its impacts manifested in inflation, energy prices, and supply chain disruption. Nonetheless, the outlook for the economy is perceived as dark since the conflict in Ukraine and the threat of new virus strains and variants as other zoonotic diseases. So, the 2021 economic recovery has a turndown and provokes a cautious sentimen
Global Challenges of Climate Change, Vol.2 Risk Assessment, Political and Social Dimension of the Green Energy Transition - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Nowadays we observe the rise of average global temperature. There are many initiatives to combat this process, including Kyoto Protocol and Paris agreement. The general remedy against this process is decarbonization and use of renewable energy. At the moment, above 80% of used energy is produced from fossil fuels, but there are plans to cut down this share significantly in the next decades, not only in EU, but also across the globe. When we want to argue about the consequences of this process for FSU countries (now EAEU), we need to take into account both heterogeneity of physical climate change across the globe and the risks linked to international trade. The major territory of EAEU countries is occupied by Russian Federation, and its risks will be assessed separately. The next group is Central Asian countries, which is compact geographically comparing to Russia. First, we need to study the predicted risks for those countries caused by global warming. There are several processes associated with it: (a) change of average temperature and climate, (b) transition to renewable energies as a way to combat the process.
New Challenges for Macroeconomic Policies Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, Fiscal and Monetary Policies - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: P REFACE Macroeconomists’ efforts to investigate a series of new phenomena have been considerable over the past decade. Theories and methods hitherto considered to be the backbone of reasoning are gradually being called into question, because they do not provide answers to new puzzles. Why don’t current Phillips curves take into account financial inflation, that is, changes in the financial asset prices? Why should a central bank worry about controlling the real sector inflation when it is low? How should governments behave to reduce income and wealth inequalities? Why do macroeconomists continue to consider climate changes and countries’ health situation as exogenous to economies? Has industrial capitalism come of age? Why have natural interest rates been falling for at least two decades? What about helicopter money? Is it not an appropriate way to settle public debts? Isn’t it dangerous for governments to continue accumulating debt as they do today? Who will repay the debt? Are we going to reduce public debts as we did after the Second World War by using financial repression policies?
Political Economy of Gender and Development in Africa Mapping Gaps, Conflicts and Representation - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This volume on ‘Political Economy of Gender and Development in Africa; Mapping Gaps, Conflicts and Representation’ is driven by issues rather than abstract theories on gender and development. The book offers clear dis- cussions of central issues of conflict, representation, accessibility and avail- ability of resources to materialise gender justice and ensure rights of women in different spheres of private and public lives. The book helps us to think and understand different issues and challenges of gender and development in Africa. The aim of this book is to focus on threads con- necting with the present needs of women to a possible future emancipa- tion of women from the institutions, structures and processes that perpetuate poverty and accelerate different forms of uneven development. The ideals and practices of both gendered development and patriarchal policy processes as contested domains, where capitalism, patriarchy, class, race and other state power structures are undermining women’s empow- erment within existing political, economic, social, cultural and religious systems.
The Political Economy of Reforms and the Remaking of the Proletarian Class in China, 1980s–2010s - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: CHAPTER 1 Introduction On 1 July 2021, Xi Jinping stated in his speech at the conference of cele- bration of the one-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that the Reform and Opening Up and socialist modernisation is one of the greatest achievements of the CCP.1 In the speech, he said the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “achieved the implementation from the highly centralised planned economic system to the dynamic system of a socialist market economy” (shixian le cong gaodu jizhong de jihua jingji tizhi dao chongman huoli de shehui zhuyi shichang jingji tizhi). Raised up in 1978, the Reform and Opening Up (gaige kaifang ) has lasted for 44 years now, as has the state’s reform of the economic system. As Xi mentioned in his speech, due to the reform of the economic system, China has become the second-largest economy in the worldآیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.