موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
The European Central Bank and Its Role in a Sustainable Finance System - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Abstract In this text, all contributions are summarized and the focus of the volume is explained. It highlights the importance of a new cultural setting for ECB sustain- ability strategies. From a system in which the financial sector incorporates sustain- ability according to its own logic, as does the real sector, the political sector, the regulatory sector, and the civil society, we need to start working on a system of mutually consistent logics to move from “(ECB) Climate Finance” to a “Climate Finance Society” and from “Sustainable Finance” to a “Sustainable Finance Soci- ety.” On this basis, one could then start working on the even more ambitious project of putting culture center stage.
Neoliberal Urban Governance - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Preface As a social scientist, I am interested in understanding how space, govern- ment, and state structure and policy affect urban marginality. My perspec- tive has been shaped by growing up in Buenos Aires and receiving my bachelor’s degree in geography and my master’s degree in public policy. In 2006, I arrived at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign to pursue a Ph.D. in urban geography, hoping to expand the focus and geographical context of my research. Aware of my roots and training in the Global South, my academic advisor, David Wilson, encouraged me to embark on a comparative study of neoliberal governance in Buenos Aires and Chicago. The project drew me not just because it allowed me to make sense of these two different parts of the world, but because it offered a way to bridge gaps between the academic traditions in urban studies between the Global North and the Global South. This book is part of that journey, one that began after I was transplanted in the Midwest, one that flourished while I was in graduate school, and one that to this day has me dissecting differences and similarities between neoliberal urban governance in Buenos Aires and Chicago.
Financial Innovations and Monetary Reform - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Many economics textbooks have explained the slow transformation from a sub- sistence economy to a barter economy, thus limited by the comparability of the objects or services exchanged. Although an improvement over the subsistence economy, the barter economy remains cumbersome and inefficient, as it requires the simultaneous acceptance of a transaction by both parties with physical delivery. The barter economy eventually gave way to a financial economy that was made possible by the issuance of money, a potentially universal intermediate means of payment, conducive to labor specialization and economic development.1 The Greek civilization and the emerging monetary system that resulted from it led international trade for centuries (from the fifth to the first century BC). Dur- ing this period of antiquity, the countries surrounding the Mediterranean became a world of commercial and industrial competition with the Greeks, the Phoenicians in the west and the Medes on the southeastern border as the players
Taxing Choices for Managing Natural Resources, the Environment, and Global Climate Change - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This book presents fiscal system reform perspectives to protect the local and global environment and preserve and sustain natural resources. Strategies and practices to manage and sharing of revenues from natural resources are highlighted. Alternative economic instruments such as carbon taxes, elimination of energy subsidies, and tradable permits to combat global climate change are examined. In addition, the roles of various orders of government in managing, taxing, and sharing natural resources in selected federal countries are documented to highlight the impact of such division of responsibilities in preserving natural resources and the environment. Finally, reform options to achieve integrity in oil and gas operations are highlighted
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Inequality - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: his book has been a long time in the making. It was first conceived in the summer of 2020 at which time few people expected a pandemic of the length we have experienced, dealing with a virus that is so efficient in morphing into ever more transmissible variants. Much of the world, including Europe, the United States, and Australia, now seems to have reached a point where COVID-19 is beginning to be regarded as endemic with occasional upticks, much like the annual influenza epidemics with which we have all learned to live. However, since we are not really out of the woods yet with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially as vaccination rates in many parts of the world are well below where they need to be, this book can only be a provisional assessment of the effects and response to the coronavirus pandemic. It is an attempt to summarize and take stock of where many countries in the world stand as of October 2022
Finance Capitalism and Income Inequality in the Contemporary Global Economy - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Rising inequality in income distribution is one of the most persistent global challenges, widespread not only in low- and middle-income coun- tries but also in industrialised ones. There is an increasingly alarming sta- tistics on wealth and income disparity as, for instance, four consecutive Oxfam reports have witnessed. Thus, in 2015 the wealthiest 62 individuals owned as much wealth as 3.6 billion people compared with 388 individu- als in 2010. Their wealth had increased from 2010 by 44% or $542 billion, while the wealth of the bottom 50% of the world’s population dropped by 41%, or over one trillion dollars (Oxfam, 2016). By 2016, just eight mostly white men possessed the same amount of wealth as the poorest half of the global population and the richest 1% controlled more wealth than the rest of the globe. Between 1988 and 2011 the incomes of the poorest decile rose by less than $3 a year compared with a 182-fold increase of the richest 1% (Oxfam, 2017). In 12 months of 2017 the incomes of the world’s elite increased by $762 billion which was enough to eradicate extreme poverty seven times over. Between 2006 and 2015 worker income rose by an aver- age of just 2% a year compared with a 13% increase for billionaires per year. In 2017, top 1% earners received 82% of all growth in global wealth, whereas the poorest half of the world population did not benefit at al
The Barcelona School of Ecological Economics and Political Ecology - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Joan (Juan) Martinez-Alier has been a pioneer in ecological economics. In addition to being one of the founding editors of the journal Ecological Economics, he con- tributed enormously to its theoretical development, as well as to uncovering and explaining its foundations in the history of economic thought. As if that were not enough, he served as president of the International Society for Ecological Economics, as professor and mentor of many European students in this new field at the University of Barcelona and as a social activist for ecological justice all over the world. Back in the mid-1960s, I read something he had written that impressed me, and I wrote him about it. Later while attending a conference in Barcelona, I managed to meet him briefly. Our friendship grew at early conferences on ecological economics in Stockholm and Barcelona and in Costa Rica. On a trip to the USA, he visited me at Louisiana State University, and later, I managed to get him as a consultant at the World Bank for a month, although neither his efforts nor mine had much influence on that institution. I regret that the Atlantic Ocean prevented more frequent and closer contact between us. Nevertheless, collegial friendship with Joan has been a great personal benefit to me, as it has also been to many others. His many intellec- tual and moral contributions are a gift to all ecological economists, and to the world. Felicidades y gracias, Joan!
Trevor Winchester Swan, Volume II - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: We now come to the first set of papers which made Trevor Swan famous. When Trevor Swan moved to the chair at the ANU he continued to dwell over the problems of internal and external balance which had been concerning him as an advisor to Prime Minister Menzies and even earlier when he was developing his econometric model of the Australian economy. In particular he was concerned that the very rapid immigra- tion programme, and the investment required to equip the newly arriving migrants would lead to excess demand in the economy and so create difficulties for policymakers in their attempts to achieve full employment, low inflation and a satisfactory outcome on the balance of payments (see Swan, 1949, 1950a, 1950c, 1950d). As early as November 1952, Swan wrote a paper, Simple Algebra (1952) which is included in this volume, for a meeting of economists at the Commonwealth (Central) Bank in Sydney addressing the issue of simultaneously achieving three objectives:
Innovation and Regional Technological Convergence Theory and Evidence - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The concept of income convergence has drawn the attention of many economists involved in the growth debate (Alataş, 2021). Recent theories of growth and empirical studies suggest that heterogeneity with respect to technological conditions in general and total factor productivity—TFP in particular are identified as the most decisive factors for the rate of income convergence of countries (Islam, 2003). Apparently, depending on whether initial TFP differences decrease or increase over time, income convergence or divergence may be a matter of fact. This has directed researchers’ attention to the concept of technological (TFP) convergence. Although many empirical studies try to find the answer to the question of technological convergence at the country level (Dowrick & Nguyen, 1989; Wolf, 1991; Dougherty & Jorgenson, 1997; Tebaldi, 2016; Rath & Akram, 2019), regional technological convergence is the research area of relatively modest exploration. However, this situation started to change, since the importance of technological convergence and its determinants have progressively gained attention in both the scientific and the policy domains at the regional level (Rodil-Marzábal & Vence- Deza, 2020). In the context of the Lisbon Agenda (European Council, 2000) and the Europe 2020 strategy (Commission of the European Communities, 2010) goals of making Europe and its regions the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economies in the world, it seems crucial to find whether innovation, regarded as the main driver of regional TFP growth (Dettori et al., 2012), can stimulate technolog- ical convergence and under what conditions
Understanding Economic Transitions - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Around 1990, about a quarter of the world’s population lived in middle-income socialist economies and another quarter in high-income and middle-income cap- italist economies. The remainder lived in low-income economies with varying admixtures of planning, markets, and informal exchange institutions. Forty years later, the remaining outposts of socialism are Cuba and North Korea, while a few others (mainly in the former states of the Soviet Union) wallow in the no man’s land of neither functional capitalism nor socialism. The USSR sustained seven decades of statist socialism between 1922 and 1992, Central Eastern Europe (CE) and Southeastern Europe (SEE) for nearly five decades, and China for a little over three decades. By 2000, nearly all have systemically “transitioned” from a centrally-planned economy to some form of a decentrally organized market economy. How and why large parts of Europe, Eurasia, and East Asia transitioned out of the capitalist system in 1917–1952, how they managed to industrialize in non-market settings, and how and why they came back to the capitalist fold are questions comparative economic systems seek to address. Furthermore, this wrenching structural change entailed a concomitant political transition from a monoparty system to an illiberal multiparty system in formerly socialist Europe and the former Soviet Union (FSU). Comparative Economic Systems (CES) focuses on the workings of institu- tional economic mechanisms across economic systems and income levels. CES, at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels, dwells on the two foundations of an economic system: ownership types for productive assets (state vs. private) and the degree of centralization of decision-making over resource allocation and income distribu- tion (plan vs. market). The conceptual entry points are incentives (known rewards or residual legatee rights) and the sources of discipline (bureaucratic-based or market-based competition). More broadly, Comparative Economics (CE), which is broader than CES, melds the study of economic systems with historical insti- tutionalism and development economics to explore the determinants of prosperity and inequality properties over time and across economic space within a given economic systemآیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.