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محصولات
Absorbable biodegradable polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Egyptians sutured wounds as early as 3500 B.C. using a variety of natural polymers including treated intestines, which are the early versions of collagen-based surgical gut sutures.1 Synthetic, absorbable polyesters based on 2-hydroxyacetic acids were developed for preparing less tissue reactive alternatives to surgical gut sutures in the early 1970s. In addition to collagenbased polymers, other natural, absorbable polymers, such as albumin, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid and derivatives thereof have been used for many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications for several decades.2 Of these polymers, the application of chitosan and hyaluronic acid–based polymers has received a great deal of attention in the past 15 years for use in controlled drug delivery systems, tissue repair, tissue engineering, and controlling certain biological events.
Coatings Of Polymers And Plastics - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Human development is clearly linked to continuous improvements in the materials used every day. Entire stages of history have been named after the critical materials—Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and now, the Age of Plastics. When asked his opinion on chemistry’s largest contribution to science and society, Lord Todd, the President of the Royal Society of London, responded: “I am inclined to think that the development of polymerization is, perhaps, the biggest thing chemistry has done, where it has had the biggest effect on everyday life. The world would be a totally different place without artificial fibers, plastics, elastomers,
Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Biodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental concerns: decreasing availability of landfill space, declining petrochemical sources, and also offer an alternative option to recycling. Rapra's Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers is a complete guide to the subject of biodegradable polymers and is ideal for those new to the subject or those wanting to supplement their existing knowledge. The book covers the mechanisms of degradation in various environments, by both biological and non-biological means, and the methods for measuring biodegradation. The degree and rate of biodegradation is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer and its working environment, and so there is no single optimal method for determining biodegradation. This handbook provides discussion of international and national standards and certification procedures developed to ensure accurate communication of a material's biodegradability between producers, authorities and consumers. The book goes on to consider the characteristics, processability and application areas for biodegradable polymers, with key polymer family groups discussed.
Liquid Crystalline Polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: As we know, there are three basic states of matter, solid, liquid, and gaseous states. These states of matter can be transformed into each other at appropriate conditions. In the solid state (generally meaning the crystalline state), the building blocks, such as atoms, or molecules, or clusters of molecules are packed closely and regularly, forming a crystal lattice. The X-ray diffraction of the state shows many regular diffraction spots. Over 95% of matter on the earth exist in the form of the crystalline state. The types of crystal structure are enormous. The physical properties of crystals are basically anisotropic. The crystals have a constant melting temperature (except for amorphous solids).
Macromolecules Containing Metal and Metal-Like Elements, Transition Metal-Containing Polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Transition metal-containing macromolecules come in a wide variety of structures. While volume 5 of this series dealt with metal coordination polymers, in this book we focus on transition metal-containing polymers where the metal is bonded to at least one organic group through σ- and/or π-bonds. Many of the macromolecules covered in this volume are often referred to as organometallic polymers. The term organometallic compound refers to compounds that contain at least one metal–carbon (M–C) bond, whether the bond is σ or π or some combination of both types of bonding.
Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Natural and synthetic water soluble polymers are used in a wide range of familiar industrial and consumer products, including coatings and inks, papers, adhesives, cosmetics and personal care products. They perform a variety of functions without which these products would be significantly more expensive, less effective or both.Written for research, development and formulation chemists, technologists and engineers at graduate level and beyond in the fine and specialty chemicals, polymers, food and pharmaceutical industries, the Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers deals specifically with the functional properties of both natural and synthetic water soluble polymers. By taking a function based approach, rather than a "polymer specific" approach the book illustrates how polymer structure leads to effect, and shows how different polymer types can be employed to achieve appropriate product properties.
Radiation Effects on Polymers for Biological Use - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Biomaterials repair, reinforce or replace damaged functional parts of the (human) body. All mechanical and biological interactions between an implant and the body occur across the interface, which has to correspond as nearly as possible to its particular function. Much of the progress in adapting polymer materials for use in a biological environment has been obtained through irradiation techniques. For this reason the most recent developments in four key areas are reviewed in this special volume: (1) the analysis of the topology and the elemental composition of a functional surface, (2) the chemical modification of the surface which results in highly pure, sterile and versatile surfaces, (3) the sterilisation of implantable devices via ionising radiation and its possible effects on the structural mechanical properties of polymers, and (4) the radiation effects on living cells and tissues which are of particular importance for radiation protection and radiotherapy.
Crystallization of polymers. Volume 1, Equilibrium concepts - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Polymers of high molecular weight have now been accepted as respectable members of the molecular community. This situation was not always true.(1) It is now recognized, however, that polymer molecules possess the unique structural feature of being composed of a very large number of chain units that are covalently linked together. This property is common to all macromolecules despite their diverse origin, their widely differing chemical and stereochemical structures and uses and function. It is, therefore, possible to study this class of substances from a unified point of view that encompasses the relatively simpler polymers prepared in the laboratory, as well as the more complex ones of nature. The characteristic thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, physical, and mechanical properties possessed by high polymeric substances can be explained, in the main, by their covalent structure and the attendant large size of the individual molecules.
Synthetic Polymers for Biotechnology and Medicine - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: One of the most powerful group of chemicals in the body are organic compounds collectively referred to as hormones. The glands responsible for the production and release of hormones comprise the endocrine system. Endocrine activities have been identified in certain organs, such as the heart, kidneys, duodenum, liver and the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (which contains the insulin gland), which are normally associated with other system functions. There have been numerous attempts to replace organ function using cell transplantation including direct injections of dissociated cells into organs such as the liver, kidney or spleen.1-5 Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes have also been evaluated.6-10 More recent investigations have applied extracellular matrix polymers as structural supports for cell transplantation and immunoprotection.11,12 Potential medical applications of such “artificial cells” or “tissue engineered” organoids include an extracorporeal bioartificial liver for detoxification,2 artificial red blood substitutes,13 the extracorporeal artificial kidney for hemodialysis,14 immunosorbents15 and drug delivery systems.16The transplantation of immunoisolated (microencapsulated) cells represents another emerging area in biotechnology research and commercialization. Under such a scenario, the encapsulated cells, which could be a xenograft, would be hidden from the immune system of the body, but would still be able to respond to extracellular stimuli (e.g., blood glucose), with the required hormone, in the case of diabetes therapy insulin, secreted into the systemic circulation. Other applications of the microencapsulation concept include the encapsulation of genetically modified cells, which represents a novel approach to somatic gene therapy.17 This chapter will review recent advances in cell encapsulation from material science, technological and tissue-related perspectives. Cell coating, microencapsulation devices and bioartificial organs will be discussed with the artificial pancreas and treatment of diabetes used as a case study denominator throughout the review.
Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This work explores the use of composite nanotechnology for thin coatings on various substrates. It compiles recent advances in nanocomposite coatings for experienced researchers and provides background information for those new to the field. The book not only explains the synthesis of bulk nanocomposite materials, it describes their application in areas such as the automotive and packaging industries. It explains how nanocomposite coatings provide a gas barrier to the substrate foil or laminate and how the coatings are used to provide properties such as anti-scratch and anti-corrosion.آیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.