موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
The Economics of Optimal Growth Pathways Evaluating the Health of the Planet’s Natural and Ecological Resources - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: If you are a natural resource manager of, say, four acres of cropland or two hectares of forest stand, how would you manage it over your planning time horizon? This is the first and most fundamental question you have to answer in your brain before you get your hands and feet down and dirty. Any reasonable answer would encompass many future time periods, that is, beyond the single present time period, as well as a possibility of convert- ing it to another land use at one future period or even selling it (Ricardo 1817; von Thunen 1826; Faustmann 1849). The economics of optimal growth pathways, the book in your hands or on your kindle presently, is written to provide a rational answer to this question faced by the respective natural resource manager. The scope of this book is, however, far greater than cropland farming or forest manage- ment. This book starts with “four acres” of cropland in Chap. 2, continues to the nation’s economy from Chap. 8 onwards, and ends big with the planet’s atmosphere and the global economy from Chap. 11. The purview of this book falls on the planet’s resources and the economic systems built upon it.
Destructive Coordination, Anfal and Islamic Political Capitalism A New Reading of Contemporary Iran - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: xi The term Anfal in the title of this book is not familiar for the general readership and its meaning cannot be easily understood by referring to English dictionaries. What is Anfal? If you launch an internet search on Anfal, you will encounter two main strands of literature. The first one relates to the Kurdish genocide by Saddam’s regime in the late eighties, and the second is about the eight Surah (chapter) of the Koran known as ‘Al-Anfal’. As Kurdistan regional government has aptly underlined, in Kurdish society, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades. Anfal was the term used by Saddam Hossein to describe a series of eight military campaigns conducted by the Iraqi government against rural Kurdish communities in Iraq, which lasted from February 23 to September 6, 1988.1 The campaign took its name from Surah al-Anfal in the Koran. Al-Anfal literally means the spoils of war (bounties) and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid, the cousin of Saddam Hossein. As President of Iraq, Saddam Hossein frequently used religious language when describing the actions of his Ba’athist regime (see Johns, 2006), portraying Arabs as true defenders of Islam and Kurds as infidels.2
International Labour Mobility How Remittances Shape the Labour Migration Model - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Migration has become a large-scale phenomenon, which affects all states of the world, regardless of their geographical area or level of economic development, and the ever-increasing number of international migrants has exceeded the growth rate of the world’s population. Therefore, under- standing the role and impact of migration in countries of origin and desti- nation is an important step in ensuring sustainable economic development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. As a result of the increasing attention paid to migration, we consider it very topical to study the impact of the phenomenon on all the countries involved, both those of origin and destination
Living Better Together Social Relations and Economic Governance in the Work of Ostrom and Zelize - PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: olitical economy is a robust field of study that examines the economic and political institutions that shape our interactions with one another. Likewise, social economy focuses on the social interactions, networks, and communities that embody our daily lives. Together, these fields of study seek to understand the historical and contemporary world around us by examining market, political, and social institutions. Through these sectors of life, people come together to exchange goods and services, solve collective problems, and build communities to live better together. Scholarship in this tradition is alive and thriving today. By using the lens of political and social economy, books in this series will examine complex social problems, the institutions that attempt to solve these prob- lems, and the consequences of action within such institutions. Further, this approach lends itself to a variety of methods, including fieldwork, case studies, and experimental economics. Such analysis allows for deeper understanding of social phenomena, detailing the context, incentives, and interactions that shape our lives. This series provides a much-needed space for interdisciplinary research on contemporary topics on political and social economy. In much of academia today, scholars are encouraged to work independently and within the strict boundaries of their disciplines. However, the pursuit of understanding our society requires social scien- tists to collaborate across disciplines, using multiple methods. This series provides such an opportunity for scholars interested in breaking down the boundaries of disciplines in order to better understand the world around us
The Chinese Path Toward a Leaner Government - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Building a leaner government ( Jian Zheng Fang Quan , or “streamlining admin- istration and delegating powers” in the official translated documents) is essential in China’s transition from a planned economy to a market economy and in an effort to improve the country’s socialist market economy. People of our generation have all had some experiences with the planned economy. It was a time when the government managed everything from production to consump- tion. In other words, the government assumed the role of both the producer and distributor of goods. Little was outside the government administration. It set quotas that matched its plans and organized supplies according to the quotas. No one in China at that time had ever heard about the term Jian Zheng Fang Quan or stream- lining administration and delegating powers. In fact, it was impossible to streamline the government then because everything was controlled by the government, every decision had to come from the higher authorities, and all kinds of stuff were placed under the quota system. When a government assigned each of its staff with a particular task to either manage or supervise economic activities, how could it be streamlined? Power devolution was even more beyond imagination. The planned economy was based on the concentration of power. If power was delegated, how could the economy and people’s daily life go as the government had planned for them? Indeed, there were times when the Chinese government was concerned about the low efficiency and poor performance of the planned economy that too much concentration of power had entailed. However, there were no better ways. China had quite a few lessons learnt in a hard way. Trials to cut government power or remove some quota all ended up in market disorder. Shifting back to old practice only stifled the economy. Such policy flip-flops occurred time after time during the period of the planned economy. It was a doomed cycle that no one was able to brea
Global Economic Challenges 6th International Conference on Banking and Finance Perspectives, Cuenca, Spain - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Price movements in the energy market are crucial because energy plays a vital role in the world’s economies and human life. The high volatility in energy prices since the 1990s is due to several historical developments, including the deregulation of energy markets, the Asian financial crisis in 1997, and the 2008 global financial crisis (Lien et al., 2016; Lang & Auer, 2019) have increased the need for an appro- priate protection strategy. Hedging by using futures contracts makes the problem of “finding an appropriate hedge ratio” vital. In calculating the optimal hedge ratio (OHR), estimations are mostly based on the average (expected) relationship between spot and futures prices. This approach ignores the tail distribution of the variables (Lien et al., 2016; Shrestha et al., 2018). However, the widely documented non- normal distribution of financial variables makes considering the quantiles of the variables essential. To fill this gap, we used the recently developed quantile-on- quantile (Q-Q) (Sim & Zhou, 2015) approach to estimate the minimum-variance (MV) hedge ratio for crude oil, natural gas, and gasoline markets. Besides, to have a better understanding of the relationship between these variables, we examined long-run and causal relationships by using methods that consider the distribution of the variables.
Environmental Regulations and Industrial Competitiveness Case Studies of Toxic Industries in Southern California - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 1 Chapter 1 Environmental Regulations and Industrial Competitiveness Abstract Industries in the U.S. emit billions of pounds of toxic chemicals into the environment every year, resulting in a major risk to human health. Many economists and policy makers, however, are strongly opposed to environmental regulations based on an assumption that regulations lead to a loss of jobs and a declining stan- dard of living for U.S. citizens. The empirical literature on this question has pro- duced mixed results, and this chapter critically assesses several conceptual and methodological issues that are embedded in this literature. Our thesis is that strin- gent environmental regulations have the potential to effectively and efficiently reduce toxic emissions from polluting firms and industries while having a negligible impact on the economic competitiveness of firms and industries. We investigate this thesis through three empirical case studies of polluting industries in Southern California that are highly regulated by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD): metal finishing, wood furniture, and dry cleaning. We also attempt to reveal the institutional process by which firms comply with environmen- tal regulations. Keywords Environmental regulations · Economic competitiveness · Environmental pollution · Economic externalities · Market failure · Environmental compliance · Technological uncertainty · Innovation · Adoption Introduction Over the last half century, the US federal government has played an active role in regulating the emission of toxic chemicals from polluting firms and industries (Rosenbaum, 2019; Telsey, 2016). Congress passed the Clean Air Act of 1970 “to protect and enhance the quality of the nation’s air resources so as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of the population” (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, p. 2). Congress also created the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in 1970 to implement and enforce the nation’s environmental law
Seasonal Adjustment Without Revisions A Real-Time Approach - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Preface In the 1980s, the first author was asked for information about profit prospects of a number of companies, in order to predict the change of their prices on the stock market. He looked up annual reports and recent interim results of these companies and noted that interim results consisted largely of a comparison of recent quarterly results to those of the same quarter of the preceding year. Moreover, stock prices reacted instantly to the outcomes of these comparisons. He was struck by the fact that these outcomes were frequently predictable: If there had been an up or down in the preceding year’s quarterly result, this would affect the comparison to the recent quarter. If last year’s ups or downs had been large, such as a profit on the sale of a construc- tion, or a depreciation of goodwill, these would be referred to in the comparison of the present quarterly report and would not come as a surprise and have little or no impact on stock prices. But if the market had become used to rising quarterly profits of Company X to the tune of say 1% over the preceding year, then an increment of ‘only’ 0.5% in the recent quarter would have a negative impact on the stock prices. Yet, this slight reduction in the profit’s increment may have its cause not in the present quarter, but in the preceding year or in the preceding few quarters. But then it is predictable
Global Cooperation and G20 Role of Finance Track - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The realisation that emerging economies were becoming systematically important dawned on the major advanced economies with the Asian and Russian financial crises of the late 1990s, and hence, the necessity was felt for a larger forum than the G7 encompassing the emerging economies. The Group of Twenty Countries (G20) was launched as a forum of the finance ministers and Central Bank governors primarily to address the challenges to international financial stability that had begun in Asia in 1997. The need was felt for a “permanent forum” for informal dialogue between developing and developed countries in the G20. The need for the inclusion of major emerging economies in discussions on the international financial system was underlined by the global financial crisis of 2008. A platform was created where leaders of systemically important countries resolved to coordinate macroeconomic policies to counteract the global financial crisis. In turn, they analysed the deeper, underlying causes of the financial crisis. This chapter introduces and motivates the book and discusses the rationale behind the formation of the G20. It discusses the background of the G20, the role of G7 and G8, and discusses the organisation of the book in the chapters that follow
Regulation of Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technologies National and International Perspectives Second Edition - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Uncovers the key actors in digital technology while showcasing the benefits and risks of digital currencies Takes a critical look at the most up-to-date federal, state, and international regulation of virtual currency Explores the creation of stablecoins and governments issuance of their own versions of digital currenciesآیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.