موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Epistemology Modalized by Kelly Becker - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 1 Introduction: Externalism and modalism Recent developments in epistemology, and in philosophy more generally, provide a promising foundation for an answer to a very old question: What is knowledge? The question stymied Plato in the Theaetetus, from which the traditional tripartite analysis of knowledge as justified true belief derives. It received fresh attention when Edmund Gettier showed that the three conditions of the traditional analysis were not jointly sufficient for knowledge. Subsequent attempts to repair the analysis of knowledge aimed (1) to amend the notion of justification to avoid the Gettier problem; (2) to add a fourth condition, for instance that there are no defeaters to one’s justification; or (3) to replace justification with some other condition that captures the requisite link between belief and truth constitutive of knowledge. 1 The uniqueness of the third strategy is not clearly defined because one could easily argue that, whatever the necessary link between belief and truth turns out to be, it just is justification. Nonetheless, I see myself as pursuing this approach because the very term ‘‘justification’’ is all too pregnant with associated notions that I believe are not essential to knowledge, and work- ing toward an account that explicitly involves justification as a necessary condition can lead us away from a proper understanding of knowledge. (A specific instance of this problem arises in Chapter 2.) Unencumbered by the requirement to explicate ‘‘justification,’’ we can inquire into the requisite belief-truth link constitutive of knowledge by testing proposals for that link against our intuitions concerning whether an agent actually knows in parti- cular cases. If we find that a correct or, at least, working account of that link does not capture the traditional conception of justification, then so be it. 2 Our topic, then, is propositional knowledge: knowledge that p for some arbitrary proposition p. I will not claim that all other forms of knowledge, for instance, knowledge by acquaintance, knowledge of one’s own phenom- enological states, and know-how, are reducible to propositional knowledge, and so do not intend to give an account of knowledge in general. This only slightly diminishes the importance of an account of propositional knowl- edge, since it is through sentences and the propositions they express that we think and talk about the world. It would be a significant advance in our understanding if we had a plausible theory of such knowledge
Evolution 2.0: Breaking the Deadlock Between Darwin and Design - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This product is estimated to be delivered within 2-3 weeks from the dispatch date. In the ongoing debate about evolution, science and faith face off. But the truth is both sides are right and wrong. In one corner: Atheists like Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Jerry Coyne. They insist evolution happens by blind random accident. Their devout adherence to Neo-Darwinism omits the latest science, glossing over crucial questions and fascinating details. In the other corner: Intelligent Design advocates like William Dembski, Stephen Meyer, and Michael Behe. Many defy scientific consensus, maintaining that evolution is a fraud and rejecting common ancestry outright. There is a third way. Evolution 2.0 proves that, while evolution is not a hoax, neither is it random nor accidental. Changes are targeted, adaptive, and aware. You’ll discover: How organisms re-engineer their genetic destiny in real time Amazing systems living things use to re-design themselves Every cell is armed with machinery for editing its own DNA The five amazing tools organisms use to alter their genetics 70 years of scientific discoveries-of which the public has heard virtually nothing! Perry Marshall approached evolution with skepticism for religious reasons. As an engineer, he rejected the concept of organisms randomly evolving. But an epiphany-that DNA is code, much like data in our digital age-sparked a 10-year journey of in-depth research into more than 70 years of under-reported evolutionary science. This led to a new understanding of evolution-an evolution 2.0 that not only furthers technology and medicine, but fuels our sense of wonder at life itself. This book will open your eyes and transform your thinking about evolution and God. You’ll gain a deeper appreciation for our place in the universe. You’ll see the world around you as you’ve never seen it before. Evolution 2.0 pinpoints the central mystery of biology, offering a multimillion dollar technology prize at naturalcode.org to the first person who can solve it.
From Darwin to Derrida Selfish Genes, Social Selves, and the Meanings of Life - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Evolutionary theory can be a nasty business. Perhaps it has something to say about human nature. Most scientifically respectable evolutionary theories wear garments of math. I think of mathematical models as disciplined metaphors. We use x to represent something in the world, say slugs, and y to represent something else, say lettuces, then we analyze the relation of x to y using mathematics. We imagine that slugs and lettuces behave like x and y in the model, and then we use how x and y behave in the model to understand how slugs and lettuces behave in the world. Nobody can argue with mathematical models—that is one of the points of using mathematics—but there can be endless arguments about what you put into a model and what you leave out, and endless arguments about what the model means, because metaphors can be interpreted in many ways. I am not criticizing the use of metaphors—far from it, they are essential. All that we know about the world is metaphor. Our perceptions are a virtual reality, not the thing in itself but something that stands in the place of the thing. Phenomena are metaphors used to comprehend things. Don’t worry, this book contains almost no mathematics; but, if you don’t like metaphor, then this is probably a good time to return the book and ask for a refund.
Imagining Prostitution in Modern Japan, 1850–1913 - PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 1 O ne Introduction On a mid-winter morning, some months after the death of the Meiji Em- peror on July 30, 1912, daily newspapers across Japan informed the na- tion that an “unprecedented manuscript,” written by a prostitute under the pseudonym Wada Yoshiko, was arriving at bookstores everywhere. It was called Yūjo monogatari (A Prostitute’s Tale) and was published by Bunmeidō Press.1 The news of Wada’s accomplishment was so wide- spread that for the rest of the week, it attracted an unusual procession of visitors to her pleasure quarters in Naitō-Shinjuku, a famous commuter town located on the outskirts of Tokyo. Journalists lined up to interview her, current patrons came to congratulate her, and new potential clients showed up to set eyes on her.2 In her sequel, Yūjo monogatari, zoku-hen (A Prostitute’s Tale, Part II), published less than a year after the first book, Wada describes this mo- ment as a set of mixed blessings (see figure 1.1). At first, she encountered unrelenting scorn and criticism from her immediate circle of managers, colleagues, and patrons. After the book was released, the madam of the brothel harshly condemned her for divulging private information about their clients. Her book revealed unsavory details about the conditions of the syphilis hospital where the prostitutes went for regular mandatory health exams and were confined if found diseased. Given her negative exposé, the director of the hospital came to the brothel to denounce Wada for staining his good reputation. Although Wada was careful not to reveal any names, she had disclosed job titles, and therefore, the madam rea- soned, anyone could identify the director or other brothel affiliates men- tioned in her book. In response, the madam demanded that Wada issue an immediate apology and retract some of the sections of her publication. Prostitutes in the brothel shunned Wada, too, for sharing details about their district clients and destroying their mutual trust.
Handbook of Research on Promoting Higher- Order Skills and Global Competencies in Life and Work - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: ABSTRACT Critical thinking and other higher-order thinking skills are key objectives of higher education. Through the development of higher-order thinking skills, students are able to discern information from multiple, often competing sources, make sound judgements, draw conclusions, and enact creative solutions to complex problems. However, faculty can struggle with how to help students develop higher-order think- ing skills, relying instead on transmission of knowledge, focusing on what to learn instead of how to learn. In this chapter, the author provides insights into the connections between using gamification as a pedagogical approach, and the development of higher-order thinking skills. The chapter addresses perspectives on higher-ordering thinking, approaches to gamification in college courses, and concludes with recommendations for faculty in approaching gamification
Homicide: Towards a Deeper Understanding by Sara Skott - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: DOI: 10.4324/9781003105282-1 1 Introduction Why study homicide? Violence haunts commonplace geographies and the imaginations of everyday actors, through the lens of banal crime reporting and celebrated true crime novels. (Linneman, 2015: 514) Few other crimes appear to fascinate the public as much as homicide. The sheer volume of crime podcasts, television shows, and documentaries dedicated to this crime can attest to this fact, not to mention the constant stream of news and media reports of different types of murder flooding our news outlets. There appears to be something deeply captivating, yet simultan- eously horrifying, about the act of taking another human life that has kept us fascinated with grim tales of murder for centuries, if not longer. As the quote by Linneman (2015) mentioned above would indicate, violence truly seems to haunt our everyday lives. It is therefore safe to say that there is a wide- spread, general interest in homicide, which warrants a deeper examination of this crime.
Das Europäische Parlament 1979–2004 by Verlag W. Kohlhammer - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 2004, Brüssel, 7.00 Uhr: Der Schuman-Kreisel, einer der Hauptverkehrskno- tenpunkte im Europadistrikt, wird wie fast jeden Morgen von hunderten Au- tofahrern1 , nicht zuletzt Angestellten und Abgeordneten des Europäischen Parlaments (EP), durchfahren und überlastet. Haben sie ihn passiert, ragt auf der rechten Seite das imposante Gebäude der Europäischen Kommission in die Höhe, ein paar Straßen weiter die Gebäude des Europäischen Parlaments. Als Metapher für Selbstfindung und Selbstorganisation lässt sich das frühmorgend- liche Treiben auf den Straßen unmittelbar vor den europäischen Institutionen lesen. Darin ist es vergleichbar mit der Selbstfindung und Selbstverortung, die das Europäische Parlament seit 1979 zu jener Institution machten, die wir heute kennen. 2004, Brüssel, 7.00 Uhr, Rue Wiertz: Noch ist es still vor den Gebäuden des Europäischen Parlaments. Hohe Glasfassaden auf der einen Seite und ein im- posanter, säulenumkränzter Eingang auf der anderen Seite flankieren die sehr klein erscheinende Rue Wiertz. Ein schmaler Durchgang führt zu den neuesten Gebäuden über der Gare du Luxembourg. Glasbrücken verbinden alle Bauten miteinander. Die ersten, in Anzüge und Kostüme gekleideten Personen, aber auch die in Jeans und mit Laptop unter dem Arm, laufen auf den Eingang zu, die obligatorische Security-Card bereitwillig gezückt. In der Eingangshalle tref- fen Abgeordnete, Praktikanten und persönliche Referenten aufeinander, um ihren Arbeitstag zu beginnen. Für die Verwaltungsangestellten hat er längst be- gonnen. Alles läuft in festen Bahnen ab, die den Menschen außerhalb des Par- laments jedoch technisch, hochbürokratisch und weit weg von ihrem eigenen Alltag erscheinen mögen
Laser Application of Polymers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Abstract Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements
Crystallization of polymers. Volume 1, Equilibrium concepts - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Polymers of high molecular weight have now been accepted as respectable members of the molecular community. This situation was not always true.(1) It is now recognized, however, that polymer molecules possess the unique structural feature of being composed of a very large number of chain units that are covalently linked together. This property is common to all macromolecules despite their diverse origin, their widely differing chemical and stereochemical structures and uses and function. It is, therefore, possible to study this class of substances from a unified point of view that encompasses the relatively simpler polymers prepared in the laboratory, as well as the more complex ones of nature. The characteristic thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, physical, and mechanical properties possessed by high polymeric substances can be explained, in the main, by their covalent structure and the attendant large size of the individual molecules.آیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.