موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: While America struggles with a recess ion, oil prices soar, revolution rocks the Middle East, European nations risk defaulting on their loans, and the world teeters on the brink of a possible global financial crisis. This is not a description of the present, however, but the 1970s. In The Oil Kings, Andrew Cooper tells the story of how oil came to dominate U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Drawing on newly declassified documents and interviews with some of the key figures of the time, Cooper follows the political posturing and backroom maneuvering that led the U.S. to switch to OPEC as its main supplier of oil from the Shah of Iran, a loyal ally and leading customer for American weapons. The subsequent loss of U.S. income destabilized the Iranian economy, while the U.S. embarked on a long relationship with the autocratic Saudi kingdom that continues to this day. Brilliantly reported and filled with astonishing revelations—including how close the U.S. came to sending troops into the Persian Gulf to break the Arab oil embargo and how U.S. officials offered to sell nuclear power and nuclear fuel to the Shah—The Oil Kings is the history of an era that we thought we knew, an era whose momentous reverberations still influence events at home and abroad today.
Iran and Nuclear Weapons: Protracted Conflict and Proliferation - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This Вbook investigates what is driving Iran's nuclear weapons programme in a less-hostile regional environment, using a theory of protracted conflicts to explicate proliferation. Iran’s nuclear weapons program has alarmed the international community since the 1990s, but has come to the forefront of international security concerns since 2000. This book argues that Iran’s hostility with the United States remains the major causal factor for its proliferation activities. With the US administration pursuing aggressive foreign policies towards Iran since 2000, the latter’s security threat intensified. A society that is split on many important domestic issues remained united on the issue of nuclear weapons acquisition after the US war in Iraq. Consequently, Iran became determined in its drive to acquire nuclear weapons and boldly announced its decision to enrich uranium, leaving the US in no doubt about its nuclear status. This book underscores the importance of protracted conflicts in proliferation decisions, and underpinning this is the assumption that non-proliferation may be achieved through the termination of intractable conflicts. The aims of this work are to demonstrate that a state’s decision to acquire nuclear weapons depends largely on its engagement in protracted conflicts, which shows not only that the presence of nuclear rivals intensifies the nuclear ambition, but also that non-nuclear status of rival states can promote non-proliferation incentives in conflicting states inclined to proliferate. This study will be of great interest to students of Iran, Middle Eastern politics, nuclear proliferation and international relations theory. Saira Khan is a Research Associate in the McGill-University of Montreal Joint Research Group in International Security (REGIS).
Nanotechnology. Risk Ethics and Law - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Nanotechnology is the new genetic modification, with $5 billion in funding, involving thousands of companies and universities· This is the first book to take stock of the risks and benefits of nanotechnology, and the complex ethical and legal questions facing governments, the public, investors, and businesses worldwide· An accessible popular science book for all interested in the fascinating and unpredictable science, law, policy and regulation of nanotechNanotechnologytechnology at the molecular levelhas the potential, according to its supporters, to create a trillion dollar economy and provide solutions from curing cancer to reprocessing waste into products and building super-fast computers. Yet, as with genetically modified organisms, many view nanotech as a high-risk genie in a bottle that once uncorked has the potential to cause unpredictable, and perhaps irreversible, environmental and public health disasters.With the race to bring products to market, there is pressing need to take stock of the situation and to have a full public debate about this new technological frontier.Including contributions by renowned figures such as Roland Clift, K. Eric Drexler, and Arpad Pusztai, this is the first global overview of the state of nanotech and society in US, Europe, Japan, and Canada, examining the ethics, the environmental, and public health risks, and the governance and regulation of this most promising, and potentially most dangerous, of all technologies.
The law and politics of WTO waivers : stability and flexibility in public international law - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Despite being an important legal instrument in the law of the WTO, the waiver has hitherto been the subject of little scholarly analysis. Isabel Feichtner fills this gap by challenging the conventional view that the WTO's political bodies do not engage in significant law-making. She systemises the GATT and WTO waiver practice and suggests a typology of waivers as individual exception, general exception and rule-making instruments. She also presents the procedural and substantive legal requirements for the granting of waivers, deals with questions of judicial review and interpretation of waiver decisions, and clarifies the waiver's potential and limits for addressing the need for flexibility and adaptability in public international law and WTO law in particular. By connecting the analysis of waiver competence and waiver practice to the general stability/flexibility challenge in public international law, the book sheds new light on the WTO, international institutions and international law ''Despite being an important legal instrument in the law of the WTO, the waiver has hitherto been the subject of little scholarly analysis. Isabel Feichtner fills this gap by challenging the conventional view that the WTO's political bodies do not engage in significant law-making. She systemises the GATT and WTO waiver practice and suggests a typology of waivers as individual exception, general exception and rule-making instruments. She also presents the procedural and substantive legal requirements for the granting of waivers, deals with questions of judicial review and interpretation of waiver decisions, and clarifies the waiver's potential and limits for addressing the need for flexibility and adaptability in public international law and WTO law in particular. By connecting the analysis of waiver competence and waiver practice to the general stability/flexibility challenge in public international law, the book sheds new light on the WTO, international institutions and international law''--''International law and institutions increasingly not only deal with transactions across the borders of sovereign states, but instead promote and protect transnational societal interests. To give but a few examples: international legal regimes obligate states to limit greenhouse gas emissions by national households and industry, to put into place administrative and judicial procedures for the protection of intellectual property rights, or they restrict domestic governmental powers to adopt policies that encroach upon human rights or impede international trade. The observation that international law promotes transnationally shared societal interests, such as interests in a clean environment, cross-border trade, property or human rights protection does not implicate a value judgment. It does not follow that such law is beyond criticism and exclusively for the good of human kind. Rather it implicates trade-offs -trade-offs between economic and non-economic interests, for example, or trade-offs between individual freedom and public interest policies''-- Read more... Why study the WTO waiver? -- The flexibility challenge in public international law -- The WTO : public law of conflict management -- The waiver power and practice under the GATT 1947 and in the WTO -- The law of waivers -- The potential of the waiver as a flexibility device -- The politics of the waiver process -- Conclusion
Democratic Governance and Economic Performance: How Accountability Can Go Too Far in Politics, Law, and Business - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Conventional wisdom warns that unaccountable political and business agents can enrich a few at the expense of many. But logically extending this wisdom implies that associated principals – voters, consumers, shareholders – will favor themselves over the greater good when ‘rules of the game’ instead create too much accountability. Democratic Governance and Economic Performance rigorously develops this hypothesis, and finds statistical evidence and case study illustrations that democratic institutions at various governance levels (e.g., federal, state, corporation) have facilitated opportunistic gains for electoral, consumer, and shareholder principals. To be sure, this conclusion does not dismiss the potential for democratic governance to productively reduce agency costs. Rather, it suggests that policy makers, lawyers, and managers can improve governance by weighing the agency benefits of increased accountability against the distributional costs of favoring principal stakeholders over more general economic opportunities. Carefully considering the fundamentals that give rise to this tradeoff should interest students and scholars working at the intersection of social science and the law, and can help professionals improve their own performance in policy, legal, and business settings. Falaschetti skillfully synthesizes key ideas from social choice theory, organizational economics, and interest group politics to challenge conventional wisdom about the benefits of democratic governance in organizations. This is an important book for reforming how financial institutions are regulated, and corporations are governed, in the wake of the great financial market collapse of 2008. (Margaret Blair, Vanderbilt Law) The scope of Democratic Governance and Economic Performance is truly commendable. While legal scholars, economists, and political scientists have raised parts of these issues before, by addressing the topic from both theoretical and empirical levels, this book provides useful perspective to anyone interested in the relationship between governance institutions and firm performance. (Jon Klick, Penn Law) This insightful book shares with Madison’s "Federalist #10" a concern for potentially disruptive effects from "majority factions." Falaschetti reminds us that some of our most costly policies result from democratic responsiveness, while some of our most successful policies come from organizations (e.g. courts, the Fed) that insulate us from democratic pressures. (Gary Miller, Washington University, Political Science)
Crime and Law in England, 1750–1840 - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: How was law made in England in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? Through detailed studies of what the courts actually did, Peter King argues that parliament and the Westminster courts played a less important role in the process of law making than is usually assumed. Justice was often remade from the margins by magistrates, judges and others at the local level. His book also focuses on four specific themes - gender, youth, violent crime and the attack on customary rights. In doing so it highlights a variety of important changes - the relatively lenient treatment meted out to women by the late eighteenth century, the early development of the juvenile reformatory in England before 1825, i.e. before similar changes on the continent or in America, and the growing intolerance of the courts towards everyday violence. This study is invaluable reading to anyone interested in British political and legal history.
Encyclopedia of law enforcement - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This three-volume Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement provides a comprehensive, critical, and descriptive examination of all facets of law enforcement on the state and local, federal and national, and international stages. This work is a unique reference source that provides readers with informed discussions on the practice and theory of policing in an historical and contemporary framework.В The volumes treat subjects that are particular to the area of state and local, federal and national, and international policing. Many of the themes and issues of policing cut across disciplinary borders, however, and several entries provide comparative information that places the subject in context.
Encyclopedia of psychology & law - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This set is edited by Cutler (psychology, Univ. of North Carolina), who already has to his credit other scholarly works on the growing field of psychology and the law, including Mistaken Identification: The Eyewitness, Psychology and the Law. The legal topics addressed here span the major subdivisions of psychology-i.e., cognitive, developmental, clinical, biological, and industrial/organizational. The 400 entries are authored by a score of international contributors, range in length from one to five pages, and are arranged alphabetically by topic. In the introduction, readers are encouraged to use the Reader's Guide, which arranges entries thematically-indeed, many entries appear in multiple categories of the guide, and aspects of any given topic can range across the two volumes. For example, the ''Death Penalty'' entry does not include the same information found in the ''Racial Bias and the Death Penalty'' entry. The text offers the occasional unnecessary observation, such as the first sentence in the ''Sex Offender Community Notification (Megan's Laws)'' entry: ''Sexual assault is a serious problem of great concern.'' Well, yes, absolutely, but we don't need this encyclopedia to tell us that. BOTTOM LINE There is no other reference work on psychology and the law, so libraries supporting curricula in this area may consider purchasing. But because this field of study is still in its infancy, and it remains to be seen whether it will grow into something major, this set is otherwise an optional purchase for most libraries.
European Union Public Law - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Since its publication in 2006, European Union Law has quickly established itself as one of the leading textbooks in the field, providing the student with both a comprehensive text and collection of materials. European Union Public Law brings together those sections of the title which look at the constitutional and institutional law of the EU, making it ideal for students undertaking a more focused study of the Union. Its proven successful combination of a highly accessible style, a 'law in context' approach which looks at the law in its wider political and social context and collection of interdisciplinary materials make this an essential text for those students concerned with the institutional and political workings of the Union. European public law students, European studies students and politics students will find this text invaluable, at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Regulatory Bargaining and Public Law - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Do you want to recycle your electrical and electronic equipment for free? Learn more This text explores the implications of a bargaining perspective for institutional governance and public law in deregulated industries such as electric power and telecommunications. Leading media accounts blame deregulated markets for failures in competitive restructuring policies. However, the author argues that governmental institutions, often influenced by private stakeholders, share blame for the defects in deregulated markets. The first part of the book explores the minimal role that judicial intervention played for much of the twentieth century in public utility industries and how deregulation presents fresh opportunities and challenges for public law. The second part of the book explores the role of public law in a deregulatory environment, focusing on the positive and negative incentives it creates for the behavior of private stakeholders and public institutions in a bargaining-focused political process.آیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.