موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Zufallsbefunde in der Skelettradiologi - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Vorwort Die sich in der Radiologie schon längst etablierte und ständig weiter zunehmende Bilderflut sowie die Modalitäten und Erfolge der Krebstherapien mit ausgedehnten prätherapeutischen und langfristigen Nachsorgeuntersuchungen führen zwangsläufig zur Aufdeckung von immer mehr Zufalls- und Nebenbefunden, die vor allem dem Nichtspezialisten in der Skelettradiologie erhebli- che interpretatorische Probleme bereiten können. Doch wie geht man damit um? Sicherlich nicht, indem man die Bilderflut durch mehr oder weniger ungezielte zusätzliche Unter- suchungsverfahren ausweitet und damit unter Umständen neue Zufallsbefunde kreiert. Das gilt besonders für hoch sensitive aber weniger spezifische Modalitäten. Der anspruchsvolle und präzise Radiologe wird vielmehr ein ergänzendes Verfahren einsetzen, das – an der anatomischen Struktur des Zufallsbefunds orientiert – eine höhere Spezifität besitzt und zu einer begründeten und klinisch brauchbaren Diagnose führt. Der häufig angewendete Trick, sich der Verantwortung zu entziehen und eine histologi- sche Abklärung zu empfehlen, sollte gemieden werden. Denn die histologische Interpretation des Pathologen kann in der Skelett- radiologie nur so gut sein, wie der radiologische Befund klar und richtungsweisend ist. Ich betätige mich seit vielen Jahren als Konsiliarius in der Ske- lettradiologie. Das eingesandte Krankengut besteht zu etwa 50 % aus klinisch asymptomatischen Zufallsbefunden, hinter denen benigne Knochentumoren und tumorähnliche Läsionen, Erkran- kungen im Frühstadium, Teile einer systemischen Erkrankung, ungewöhnliche Normvarianten und vieles mehr stecken können. Es wird an mehr als 160 Fällen und fast 100 differenzialdiag- nostisch passenden Kasuistiken aufgezeigt, wie man professionell an solche Befunde unter Einbeziehung der individuellen Situation des Patienten herangeht, welche Relevanz sie haben und welche sinnvollen Empfehlungen man zum weiteren Prozedere geben kann. Mein Dank für die Überlassung der besonderen Fälle gilt den Kollegen CA Dr. med. Jürgen Wiens, Wolfsburg (Fall 22), Dr. med. Thomas Grieser, Augsburg (Fall 30), Professor Dr. med. Michael Laniado, Dresden (Fälle 34, 61), Privt.-Doz. Dr. Sönke Langner, Greifswald (Fall 45) und CA Dr. med. Nils H. Goecke, Wildes- hausen (Fall 131).
Radiologische Diagnostik Abdomen und Thorax - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Ultraschall, CT (Computertomografie) und MRT (Magnetreso- nanztomografie) sind die wichtigsten Modalitäten zur Unter- suchung der Kopf-Hals-Region. Gemäß den Leitlinien der Deut- schen Röntgengesellschaft (AG Kopf-Hals-Diagnostik) wird die MRT bei Verdacht auf suprahyoidale Tumoren aufgrund ihres gu- ten Weichteilkontrasts eingesetzt. Die CT kommt bei infrahyoidal gelegenen Tumoren zur Anwendung, da sie aufgrund der gerin- gen Untersuchungszeit im Vergleich zur MRT deutlich weniger artefaktanfällig ist. ●HMerke Bei der CT führt ein langes Zeitintervall nach Kontrastmittelinjek- tion (60–80 s) zur besseren Darstellung von Tumoren. Für die MRT ist gemäß den Empfehlungen der AG Kopf-Hals- Diagnostik der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft die Durchführung mindestens folgender Sequenzen erforderlich: ● koronare fettunterdrückte T2w (T2-gewichtete) Sequenz (STIR [Short-Tau Inversion-Recovery]) mit einer Schichtdicke von 3–5 mm ● axiale T2w Sequenz mit Fettunterdrückung mit einer Schicht- dicke von 3–4 mm ● axiale und koronare native T1w (T1-gewichtete) SE-Sequenz (Spin-Echo-Sequenz) ohne Fettsättigung mit einer Schichtdicke von 3–4 mm ● axiale und koronare fettunterdrückte T1w SE-Sequenz nach i. v. (intravenöser) Kontrastmittelinjektion
The European Central Bank and Its Role in a Sustainable Finance System - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Abstract In this text, all contributions are summarized and the focus of the volume is explained. It highlights the importance of a new cultural setting for ECB sustain- ability strategies. From a system in which the financial sector incorporates sustain- ability according to its own logic, as does the real sector, the political sector, the regulatory sector, and the civil society, we need to start working on a system of mutually consistent logics to move from “(ECB) Climate Finance” to a “Climate Finance Society” and from “Sustainable Finance” to a “Sustainable Finance Soci- ety.” On this basis, one could then start working on the even more ambitious project of putting culture center stage.
Financial Innovations and Monetary Reform - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Many economics textbooks have explained the slow transformation from a sub- sistence economy to a barter economy, thus limited by the comparability of the objects or services exchanged. Although an improvement over the subsistence economy, the barter economy remains cumbersome and inefficient, as it requires the simultaneous acceptance of a transaction by both parties with physical delivery. The barter economy eventually gave way to a financial economy that was made possible by the issuance of money, a potentially universal intermediate means of payment, conducive to labor specialization and economic development.1 The Greek civilization and the emerging monetary system that resulted from it led international trade for centuries (from the fifth to the first century BC). Dur- ing this period of antiquity, the countries surrounding the Mediterranean became a world of commercial and industrial competition with the Greeks, the Phoenicians in the west and the Medes on the southeastern border as the players
Trevor Winchester Swan, Volume II - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: We now come to the first set of papers which made Trevor Swan famous. When Trevor Swan moved to the chair at the ANU he continued to dwell over the problems of internal and external balance which had been concerning him as an advisor to Prime Minister Menzies and even earlier when he was developing his econometric model of the Australian economy. In particular he was concerned that the very rapid immigra- tion programme, and the investment required to equip the newly arriving migrants would lead to excess demand in the economy and so create difficulties for policymakers in their attempts to achieve full employment, low inflation and a satisfactory outcome on the balance of payments (see Swan, 1949, 1950a, 1950c, 1950d). As early as November 1952, Swan wrote a paper, Simple Algebra (1952) which is included in this volume, for a meeting of economists at the Commonwealth (Central) Bank in Sydney addressing the issue of simultaneously achieving three objectives:
The Pearl of the East The Economic Impact of the Colonial Railways in the Age of High Imperialism in Southeast Asia - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: During the last decades of the nineteenth century until the 1930s, economic growth in Southeast Asia (we understand Southeast Asia at the end of the nineteenth century: Burma, British colony, Thailand or inde- pendent Siam, Malaysia British colony, Indonesia or Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonies, Indochina, French colonies and the Philippines, Spanish colonies until the end of the century, and from 1898 onwards, American colonies until independence) was a common fact among the economies of the region, despite finding differences in the growth patterns of different countries. Particularly relevant are the studies of Maddison, who analyze Indochina and the Dutch East Indies (Maddison 1990, p. 364). In the case of the Philippines, the most relevant growth model studies are provided by Hooley, with an attempt to explain the growth of the Philip- pines (Hooley 2005, pp. 464–488) and Booth, who emphasizes the analysis of the impact of the provision of new land for the plantation economy in the Philippine archipelago (Booth 2007, pp. 241–266). It should also be noted that these models often work with partially estimated data for dates for which there are no historical references, particularly when data from more remote areas must be covered. In the case of the Philippines, we have worked with data from engineering and execution projects for the Spanish period, and census data for the North American period
Transportation Systems for Tourism - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The term “transportation system” is usually referred to the equipment and logistics of transporting passengers and goods. It covers the trips by all means of transport, from cars and buses to boats, aircraft, and even space travel. The objective of a transportation system is to coordinate the movement of people, goods, and vehicles in order to use routes most efficiently. When implemented, transportation systems seek to reduce transport costs and improve delivery times through effective timetabling and route management. Periodic re-evaluations and the development of alternative routes allow for timely changes to the transportation system to for increasing the efficiency. A standard transportation system will usually feature multiple timetables designed to inform the user of where each vehicle in the fleet is expected to be at any given point in time. These timetables are developed alongside an array of route plans designed to coordinate vehicle movements in a way that prevents bottlenecks in any one location. The main benefit of implementing a transportation system is delivery of goods and users to their destinations in a timely manner. This, in turn, increases the effi- ciency of vehicle use, as the same vehicle can be used for “multi-drop” jobs, such as bus services or home delivery networks, far more effectively when their routes are planned in advance rather than being generated “on the fly”. Transportation systems are developed in a wide variety of sizes. Local transport networks spanning the bus network for a city and its suburbs are common, as are country-wide delivery networks for haulage firms. Airlines use international transportation systems to coordinate their flights. The larger the distance being covered, the more effective the use of vehicles when a transportation system is used.
Marx, Uno and the Critique of Economics - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Several years ago a young American gentleman came to spend a summer in Tokyo, and during his stay there contacted me hoping to arrange an interview with me; to be centred on my Unoist approach to Marxian economics. While willing to cooperate with him in that project, I was not confident from the beginning that I would be able to produce a satisfac- tory result for him. For I am not the type of person who has ready-made answers to questions that are typically thrown at him/her on the spur of the moment. Nevertheless, we thoroughly enjoyed meeting with each other and got along very well in our personal exchange of views on the subject matter. When he was about to leave Tokyo, I asked him to write down on paper a series of questions that he would have liked to ask me, which would give me the chance to elaborate upon. I thus obtained a series of wonderfully worded and exquisitely phrased questions that would have given me only delight and pleasure to answer. I have revisited these questions over the years and have had time to consider them against the progress my life-long research on Uno’s approach to economics has made since then. I now have a fully extended, more mature version of what makes economics an “objective” knowledge. In both parts, but especially in the first, I made use of the delightful phrasing that my American friend originally employed in posing his apt questions to me. I am grateful for his allowing me to reproduce once again some of his superb style of language in this book
Inter-firm Networks Coordination Through Board and Department Interlocks - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Firms do not interact only through prices, quantity or quality: rather they employ many other ways to coordinate their behavior. However, it is still rather unclear under which circumstances the mix of different ways is built, neither the relative relevance of each of them. What is sure is that one of such ways is through sharing a director between boards of related companies: this is the phenomenon named interlocking directorates or, more recently, board interlock (BINT), known since long, but still deserving a lot of attention. Actually, this is a form of coordination which occurs at a company’s highest level, because boards decide—or at least address to—the strategic behavior. There are indeed many reasons to share a director, reasons that do neither always nor intentionally deal with strategic issues. However, whatever they are, the effects of board interlock always impact, to a more or less extent, the sphere of strategies. Further, and more noteworthy, more or less intentionally and extensively, they imply some form of knowledge creation and sharing, espe- cially under its tacit form. In fact, what should actually be done when one sits in a board and how to perform this is not a task so precisely defined: its concrete execution depends primarily and essentially on the personal characteristics of each involved director and on various organization-specific circumstances. Hence, this is the conceptual perspective applied into this book: Board interlocks are inter-firm coordination forms that channel strategic knowledge, which is a resource particu- larly precious in innovation-based industries, and one becoming progressively more important also in all other industries. Due to these characteristics, the main research streams employed in this work are the four following: board interlocks, knowledge networks, inter-firm networks and Social Network Analysis (hereafter, SNA) as the main methodological approach.آیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.