موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
The Man Who Understood Democracy - Epub + Converted PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Go back in time. Examine the babe when still in its mother’s arms. See the external world reflected for the first time in the still-dark mirror of his intelligence. Contemplate the first models to make an impression on him. Listen to the words that first awaken his dormant powers of thought. Take note, finally, of the first battles he is obliged to fight. Only then will you understand where the prejudices, habits, and passions that will dominate his life come from. In a manner of speaking, the whole man already lies swaddled in his cradle.1 Alexis de Tocqueville made these observations in Democracy in America to explain his rationale for studying America’s “point of departure.” Of course, the beginning is also where the biographer must start. For the young Tocqueville, that external world was dominated by figures from the highest military and administrative nobility of the Ancien Régime, survivors of the Revolutionary Terror, loyal to the exiled Bourbons, and dead set against the liberal views Tocqueville himself would eventually embrace. Presaging this divergence, Tocqueville displayed considerable independence of mind at an early age, and he repeatedly flouted expectations. At the same time, he developed the habit of casting doubt on much of what he did and saw
Ecologies of Socialisms - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Eli Rubin and Scott Moranda Introduction Is Germany the “Greenest nation” as Frank Uekötter has provocatively asked?1 Forget the Berlin Wall, forget the Cold War, World War II, the Nazis, the Holocaust, the Kaiserreich, and forget the storied history of the Social Democratic Party – the SPD. Germany is now the nation of separated trash, solar panels and wind power. The only Wende people talk about now, in relation to Germany, is the Energiewende. And perhaps, that is part of the point. The Energiewende provides for a national identity that generates warm, positive press and seemingly avoids the more divisive and troubling aspects of past markers of Germanness. Even if the reality of the “greenest nation” is more complicated, it is undeniable that Germany has been at the center of the global history of environmentalism. Scientific conservation had deep roots among the forest- ers, urban planners, and other technical experts of Wilhelmine Germany who had outsized influence on Progressive reformers in the United States and British civil servants across their Empire.2 German-speakers also shaped Romanticism, ecology, and notions of holistic interconnectedness, most importantly in the figure of Alexander von Humboldt, whose Kosmos had a global influence.
Exporting the European Convention on Human Rights - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: As for the right to protect one’s private and family life, as enshrined in Article 8 ECHR, the CJEU provided the very first explicit reference to the ECHR in Rutili v Minister for the Interior�53 In casu, the Convention was conceived as a source of inspiration as well as a human rights standard for determining the legality and legitimacy of the acts of Member States applying EU law. Therefore, the CJEU applied the ECHR as a clear human rights standard to also interpret the ‘public policy’ exception to the free movement of workers, justifying Member States to restrict this freedom only to the extent authorised by the ECHR, that is, when it is necessary for the protection of the interests of national security or public safety ‘in a democratic society’.54 This landmark case illustrates how the CJEU has progres- sively shaped its autonomous human rights case law, inspired, though, by the ECHR and by the common constitutional traditions of EU Member States.55 The Luxembourg Court established a much broader human rights review over their actions and paved the way for a much clearer reference to the Convention’s provi- sions as a material source of EU legal order, rather than a source of inspiration.56 Nonetheless, besides the consensus in this field, conflicts and inconsistencies between the two European jurisdictions have not been sidestepped. The main preoccupation of the following section is thus to unveil the extent to which the CJEU has directly referred to ECHR norms to protect private and family life57 with regard to the most controversial fields of data protection and migration/ asylum cases.
Globalizing Human Rights Private Citizens, the Soviet Union, and the West by Christian Philip Peterson - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: During the late 1960s and 1970s, the world watched as the United States, Soviet Union, and various European governments worked to reduce ten- sions and improve relations with each other by pursuing a policy known as détente. This process appeared to bear fruit when the United States, Canada, and thirty-three European nations, including the Soviet Union, signed the Final Act (Helsinki Accords) on 1 August 1975. Negotiated within a framework known as the Conference on Security and Coopera- tion in Europe (CSCE), this agreement pledged signatories to respect the basic human rights and fundamental freedoms of private citizens, as well as promote the free flow of information, ideas, and people across national boundaries. It also called on each nation to recognize the legitimacy of existing borders in Europe save the possibility of “peaceful change” in the future. At the time, many in the United States saw this document as a vic- tory for the USSR that sanctioned Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. The Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev lent credence to this view when he referred to the Final Act as “the culmination of everything posi- tive that has been done thus far on our continent to bring about the change from the ‘cold war’ to détente and the genuine implementation of the prin- ciples of peaceful coexistence.
Das Europäische Parlament 1979–2004 by Verlag W. Kohlhammer - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: 2004, Brüssel, 7.00 Uhr: Der Schuman-Kreisel, einer der Hauptverkehrskno- tenpunkte im Europadistrikt, wird wie fast jeden Morgen von hunderten Au- tofahrern1 , nicht zuletzt Angestellten und Abgeordneten des Europäischen Parlaments (EP), durchfahren und überlastet. Haben sie ihn passiert, ragt auf der rechten Seite das imposante Gebäude der Europäischen Kommission in die Höhe, ein paar Straßen weiter die Gebäude des Europäischen Parlaments. Als Metapher für Selbstfindung und Selbstorganisation lässt sich das frühmorgend- liche Treiben auf den Straßen unmittelbar vor den europäischen Institutionen lesen. Darin ist es vergleichbar mit der Selbstfindung und Selbstverortung, die das Europäische Parlament seit 1979 zu jener Institution machten, die wir heute kennen. 2004, Brüssel, 7.00 Uhr, Rue Wiertz: Noch ist es still vor den Gebäuden des Europäischen Parlaments. Hohe Glasfassaden auf der einen Seite und ein im- posanter, säulenumkränzter Eingang auf der anderen Seite flankieren die sehr klein erscheinende Rue Wiertz. Ein schmaler Durchgang führt zu den neuesten Gebäuden über der Gare du Luxembourg. Glasbrücken verbinden alle Bauten miteinander. Die ersten, in Anzüge und Kostüme gekleideten Personen, aber auch die in Jeans und mit Laptop unter dem Arm, laufen auf den Eingang zu, die obligatorische Security-Card bereitwillig gezückt. In der Eingangshalle tref- fen Abgeordnete, Praktikanten und persönliche Referenten aufeinander, um ihren Arbeitstag zu beginnen. Für die Verwaltungsangestellten hat er längst be- gonnen. Alles läuft in festen Bahnen ab, die den Menschen außerhalb des Par- laments jedoch technisch, hochbürokratisch und weit weg von ihrem eigenen Alltag erscheinen mögen
Cybercrime by Alisdair A. Gillespie - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This is not a usual textbook. It does not purport to be the definitive book on the issue of cybercrime, even if such a thing was possible. Cybercrime, as will be seen, is not easy to define and covers a breadth of subjects. A difficulty with trying to write the ‘definitive’ book on cybercrime is something is bound to be missed out. Trying to cover everything also tends to mean that there is a breadth of cover- age but without depth, partly because publishers (not unreasonably) want books to be of an appropriate (readable!) length. What this book does is to highlight some of the key issues of debate that exist in respect of cybercrime, including what cybercrime is. You will find many of the key areas within this book and perhaps a couple that are not always considered. Each topic follows the same format: the behaviour is discussed critically and an analysis is made of whether the law can solve the behaviour and, if so, how. New to this edition is an examination of the investigation of cybercrime. Chapter 12 considers which agencies investigate cybercrime, and how they are structured in order to do so. Chapter 13 considers the powers of the police and other agencies in the context of investigating cybercrime. The requirement on Internet Service Providers to retain so-called ‘communication data’ (broadly speaking, the who, how and why of communications but not its content) is extremely contro- versial. The increasing use of so-called open source intelligence also proves con- troversial, with the police, and others, looking at what is posted on the internet. These new chapters focus on the key issues of debate and are introduced to allow the other chapters to be put into context.
Inside a Class Action: The Holocaust and the Swiss Banks - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Through interviews with a wide range of people involved in the case and detailed research of documents and court transcripts, Jane Schapiro shows the ways that egos, personalities, and values clashed in such a complex and emotionally charged case. Inside a Class Action provides an insider's view of a major lawsuit from its inception to its conclusion, which will appeal to anyone interested in human rights, reparations, and international law.
The Routledge International Handbook of the Sociology of Education (Routledge International Handbooks of Education) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This collection brings together many of the world’s leading sociologists of education to explore and address key issues and concerns within the discipline. The thirty-seven newly commissioned chapters draw upon theory and research to provide new accounts of contemporary educational processes, global trends, and changing and enduring forms of social conflict and social inequality. The research, conducted by leading international scholars in the field, indicates that two complexly interrelated agendas are discernible in the heat and noise of educational change over the past twenty-five years. The first rests on a clear articulation by the state of its requirements of education. The second promotes at least the appearance of greater autonomy on the part of educational institutions in the delivery of those requirements. The Routledge International Handbook of the Sociology of Education examines the ways in which the sociology of education has responded to these two political agendas, addressing a range of issues which cover three key areas: perspectives and theories social processes and practices inequalities and resistances. The book strongly communicates the vibrancy and diversity of the sociology of education and the nature of ‘sociological work’ in this field. It will be a primary resource for teachers, as well as a title of major interest to practising sociologists of education.
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