موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Tourism-marketing Performance Metrics and Usefulness Auditing of Destination Websites: Volume 4 (Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This volume provides specific answers to hard questions about how to create valid metrics to measure the effectiveness of tourism advertising and the usefulness of destination marketing websites. An extensive literature review describes 40+ years of research on the effectiveness of tourism advertising and the slow advancement to using valid impact metrics - field experiments with alternative ad treatment and placements. Several authors undertake information-usefulness audits on DMO (destination management office) websites and provide practical check lists. Tourism website comparisons include: Maine, Massachusetts and New York; Genoa, Marseilles and Valencia; France, Spain and Portugal; and China, Poland, Russia and Thailand, against each other as well as the Lonely Planet websites. Content analysis of consumer-generated advertisements that promote visits to third places, in this case Starbucks coffee shops and Chipotle restaurants, makes an intriguing study. The final paper gives a thick description of the dynamics of the government's role in shaping China's domestic, inbound, and outbound tourism industry and contributes to building a behavioral theory of government-firm relationships.
Landscape, Tourism, and Meaning (New Directions in Tourism Analysis) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: How do we re-theorize tourism? By drawing less on the Foucauldian notion of 'tourism as gazing' and instead focussing on the social construction of meaning in the landscape, this insightful book provides an innovative and compelling new approach to tourist studies. Arguing that in any view of the landscape and in tourism generally, there is a multiplicity of insider and outsider meanings, the book grounds tourism studies within the framework of social theory, and particularly in the social theoretic approaches to landscape.Bringing together specialists in tourism and landscape studies to discuss the relationships between the two, it finds that issues of identity are a common thread and are raised with regard to the social construction of landscape and its portrayal through tourism. The international studies range in scale from regional to national, personal to political, and from local residents to international tourists, highlighting the multiplicity of interpretations and meanings between these scales.
Micro-Clusters and Networks: The Growth of Tourism (Advances in Tourism Research) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This book introduces a new approach to the analysis and management of growth in small tourism markets for regional and rural locations. It recognizes from the outset that the vast bulk of the tourism industry's product is delivered by small business enterprises and that many of these are located outside of metropolitan areas. Its central premise is that a myriad of small-scale clusters can provide an effective means to establish a local competitive advantage in tourism activities based on the resources of existing communities. The book brings together contemporary views of the potential of clustering theory to promote development in micro-markets, within the paradigm of competition, to create a new framework for regional development that might serve to enhance the growth of small-scale tourism destinations.Microclusters and Networks provides a theoretical explanation of how and why micro-clusters come about, with chapters by specialist authors to illustrate examples of their practice in the real world; but it goes further to demonstrate not only why they work but also how community members interact to form successful clusters. The incorporation of networking theory provides the means to explain the role of local community interaction in delivering successful social outcomes. The analysis that is provided clearly has applications for many industries beyond the development of rural and regional tourism destinations. *Provides a theoretical explanation of how and why micro-clusters come about*Brings together contemporary views of the potential of clustering theory to promote development in micro-markets*Enhances the discussion of rural development policies for tourism by local communities, policy analysts and academic researchers
Travel and Tourism (SAGE Course Companions) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The Sage Course Companion in Travel and Tourism is an accessible introduction to the subject that will help readers extend their understanding of key concepts and enhance their thinking skills in line with course requirements. It provides support on how to revise for exams, how to present calculations, and how to prepare for and write assessed pieces. Readers are encouraged not only to think like a Travel and Tourism professional but also to think about the subject critically.
Sports Tourism: Participants, Policy and Providers - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Sports Tourism: participants, policy and providers tackles these issues from three viewpoints:* participants: examining the profiles, motivations and behaviour patterns of sports tourists to create a typology of participants.* policy: analyses the response by policy makers to this phenomenon and the problems of achieving integration between two sectors with historically different cultures.* providers: their motivations, aims, objectives and strategies. * A unique text, covering the subject in unprecedented depth. * Extended case study chapters provide practical illustrations of the conceptual frameworks and theories.* Substantial areas of the book underpinned by extensive empirical data and primary research.
Tourism and Sustainability: New Tourism in the Third World - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Increasingly, advocates of tourism argue that tourism growth offers a means for Third World countries to escape the confines of 'underdevelopment' and that new forms of tourism in particular allow this transition to be achieved sustainably and equitably. Building upon this fundamental precept, this book explores and challenges the notions of sustainability, globalization and development, and their relationship to contemporary tourism in the Third World.Adopting a broad geographical and conceptual perspective, the authors contend that a clear understanding of the tourism process and its relationship to development can only be achieved by an interdisciplinary approach, touching on environmentalism, sociocultural studies, human geography, economics and development studies. In the first part of the book, the emergence of the concepts of sustainability, globalization and development, and their application to contemporary tourism are critically examined, whilst the second part of the book explores a number of critical themes. Developing the relationship between topics, from tourists and their relationships with new social movements to the impact of tourism policies adopted by national governments, this book examines a number of alternatives for the development of tourism in the Third World to progress.
Journeys of Discovery in Volunteer Tourism - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: The fast-growing phenomenon of volunteer tourism encompasses a diverse range of activities, from conserving environments to working with host communities to alleviate poverty. However, understanding the complex relationship between volunteering and tourism requires a wide analytical framework. This book provides a broad and valuable insight into how volunteer tourism is growing and developing. Theoretical and empirical case studies from leading researchers in the field explore the experiences of the volunteer tourist and the power relationships between volunteers and host communities and commercial, non-commercial and government entities involved in developing and supporting volunteer tourism. The ambiguous and contested intersections between volunteering, travel and alternative tourism as a foundation for considering the future of volunteer tourism are also examined.
Introduction to Tourism - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: An Introduction to Tourism is the essential guide to the tourism industry. It provides a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to all facets of tourism including:the history of tourism; factors influencing the tourism industry; tourism in developing countries; sustainable tourism; forecasting future trends. Tourism has changed radically in recent years with the onset of many technological and economic changes and an ever increasing concern for the environment. This book provides a down-to-earth introduction to this complex and multi-faceted industry.This invaluable introduction is written for all students of tourism and all those involved in the industry who want to know more about the structure, component activities and environment within which they work. Comprehensive introduction to the complex subject of tourismPractical approach to the organization, marketing and development aspects of the tourism businessInternational and worldwide overview: a reference as well as a textbook
Managing Educational Tourism (Aspects of Tourism, 10) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: An outline of the main forms of educational tourism, discussing their growth and resulting impacts and management issues from a holistic perspective. Using case studies, the author argues that without adequate research and management the potential impacts and benefits of educational tourism will not be maximized. The text highlights the need for collaboration between both the tourism and education industry to manage the growth and issues relevant within educational tourism adequately.
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