Ascent and Decline of Native and Colonial Trading : Tale of Four Indian Cities - Original PDF
نویسندگان: Vijay K. Seth
خلاصه: The another surprising aspect regarding unawareness about history is that people are unaware of aspects of all the history of the cities where they live and die, how that particular city was conquered, the number of years that have elapsed since its last occupation, how the conquerors dealt with its people, how they transacted their affairs, how they lived and went about doing things, in what manner they die, and how time and society have treated them, their wives, families, followers and supporters. —Zia-ud Din Barani (1357, 1) Of course, ideas do not rain down from heaven. Commercial and urban societ- ies, which could afford to sustain a substantial number of people living by their wits rather than having to toil in the fields, were necessary if intellectual ideas were to be created .... From this competitive natural selection process, changes in the intellectual environment emerged, with far-reaching consequences for the creation of ‘modern’ polities and economies. —Joel Mokyr (2009, 2)