موضوعات
آموزش و پرورش
ادبیات و زبان
پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی
تاریخ و جغرافیا
داستان و رمان
دیگر
دین و فلسفه
روانشناسی
ریاضیات و آمار
سلامتی، تناسب اندام و رژیم غذایی
شیمی و پلیمر
علوم اجتماعی و حقوق
علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی
فیزیک و نجوم
کامپیوتر و اینترنت
کتابهای کودکان و داستان
کسب و کار و اقتصاد
کشاورزی و دامپزشکی و غذا
معماری
مهندسی و فناوری
هنر و تئاتر
محصولات
Nuclear Weapon Reliability Definition - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Abstract The overarching goal of the Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapon reliability assessment process is to provide a quantitative metric that reflects the ability of the weapons to perform their intended function successfully. This white paper is intended to provide insight into the current and long-standing DOE definition of nuclear weapon reliability, which can be summarized as: l%e probability of achieving the specified yield, at the target, across the Stockpile-To-Target Sequence of environments, throughout the weapon’s lifetime, assuming proper inputs. This paper discusses the historical and academic bases for this definition and the larger Department of Defense (DoD) use planning context for the DOES reliability metric. Details and examples of each of the elements of the definition of reliability are provided. Finally, the historical evolution of uncertainty statements for DOE weapon reliability assessments is described. Current and future challenges for the nuclear weapon reliability community, including extended weapon lifetimes and reductions in the stockpile surveillance test program, are identified and discussed.
Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation: Towards a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World? (Routledge Global Security Studies 20) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This book examines the current debate on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, notably the international non-proliferation regime and how to implement its disarmament provisions. Discussing the requirements of a new international consensus on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, this book builds on the three pillars of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT): non-proliferation, disarmament and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It reviews the impact of Cold War and post-Cold War policies on current disarmament initiatives and analyses contemporary proliferation problems: how to deal with the states that never joined the NPT (India, Pakistan and Israel); how states that have been moving toward nuclear weapons have been brought back to non-nuclear-weapon status; and, in particular, how to deal with Iran and North Korea. The analysis centres on the relationship between disarmament and non-proliferation in an increasingly multi-centric world involving China and India as well as the US, the European powers and Russia. It concludes with a description and discussion of three different worlds without nuclear weapons and their implications for nuclear disarmament policies.???????????? This book will be of great interest to all students of arms control, strategic studies, war and conflict studies, and IR/security studies in general Sverre Lodgaard is a Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo
Universalizing Nuclear Nonproliferation Norms: A Regional Framework for the South Asian Nuclear Weapon States - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: This book suggests a new bargain between the NPT nuclear weapon states and the non-NPT nuclear weapons possessor states, mainly India and Pakistan, through a regional arrangement to help move towards universalization of the nuclear nonproliferation regime. The author analyses nuclear proliferation drivers to understand why states acquire and justify possession of nuclear weapons even though most nuclear weapon states no longer are faced with an existential threat to their national security. This study also identifies various challenges being faced by the NPT based nuclear nonproliferation regime, which if left unaddressed, could unravel the nonproliferation regime. It also offers the history of confidence building measures between India and Pakistan, which could be a useful reference for negotiating a Regional Nonproliferation Regime (RNR) in the future.
Strategy in the Second Nuclear Age: Power, Ambition, and the Ultimate Weapon - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: A "second nuclear age" has begun in the post-Cold War world. Created by the expansion of nuclear arsenals and new proliferation in Asia, it has changed the familiar nuclear geometry of the Cold War. Increasing potency of nuclear arsenals in China, India, and Pakistan, the nuclear breakout in North Korea, and the potential for more states to cross the nuclear-weapons threshold from Iran to Japan suggest that the second nuclear age of many competing nuclear powers has the potential to be even less stable than the first. Strategy in the Second Nuclear Age assembles a group of distinguished scholars to grapple with the matter of how the United States, its allies, and its friends must size up the strategies, doctrines, and force structures currently taking shape if they are to design responses that reinforce deterrence amid vastly more complex strategic circumstances. By focusing sharply on strategy―that is, on how states use doomsday weaponry for political gain―the book distinguishes itself from familiar net assessments emphasizing quantifiable factors like hardware, technical characteristics, and manpower. While the emphasis varies from chapter to chapter, contributors pay special heed to the logistical, technological, and social dimensions of strategy alongside the specifics of force structure and operations. They never lose sight of the human factor―the pivotal factor in diplomacy, strategy, and war.
How Nuclear Weapons Spread: Nuclear Weapon Proliferation in the 1990s (Operational Level of War) - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: HOW NUCLEAR WEAPONS SPREAD The production of the first nuclear fission chain reaction in 1942 ushered in a new era in history and science. With both detrimental and beneficial effects, the nuclear age had begun—an age which would have far-reaching effects on the lives of subsequent generations. In How Nuclear Weapons Spread, Frank Barnaby examines the implications of nuclear weapons, and considers the close relationship between peaceful and military nuclear programmes. The book looks in detail at the nuclear programmes of Third World countries which have or could soon have the bomb, such as Israel, Pakistan and India, as well as those which are thought to be developing their nuclear capabilities—such as Iran and North Korea. Even more alarming is the threat that terrorists might acquire nuclear weapons. Frank Barnaby assesses the reality of this risk, and considers methods of checking the spread of these weapons. The book also contains detailed descriptions of the components needed for nuclear fission and thermonuclear weapons, and discusses the need to test these weapons, as well as the difficulties of disarming and disposing of nuclear materials. How Nuclear Weapons Spread will be of great interest to students of International Politics, International Relations and Strategy Studies. Frank Barnaby is a former Guest Professor at the Free University in Amsterdam and a former Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. He is currently a defence analyst and is the author of many books, including Star Wars, 1987, The Automated Battlefield, 1987 and The Role and Control of Weapons, 1992.
Apocalypse Never: Forging the Path to a Nuclear Weapon-Free World - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Apocalypse Never illuminates why we must abolish nuclear weapons, how we can, and what the world will look like after we do. The twenty-first century has ushered in a world at the atomic edge. The pop culture days of Dr. Strangelove have been replaced by the all-too-real single day of 24. Tad Daley has written a book for the general reader about this most crucial of contemporary challenges. Apocalypse Never maintains that the abolition of nuclear weapons is both essential and achievable, and reveals in fine detail what we need to do--both governments and movements--to make it a reality. Daley insists that while global climate change poses the single greatest long-term peril to the human race, the nuclear challenge in its many incarnation--nuclear terror, nuclear accident, a nuclear crisis spinning out of control--poses the single most immediate peril. Daley launches a wholesale assault on the nuclear double standard--the notion that the United States permits itself thousands of these weapons but forbids others from aspiring to even on--insisting that it is militarily unnecessary, morally indefensible, and politically unsustainable. He conclusively repudiates the most frequent objection to nuclear disarmament, "the breakout scenario"--the possibility that after abolition someone might whip back the curtain, reveal a dozen nuclear warheads, and proceed to "rule the world." On the wings of a brand new era in American history, Apocalypse Never makes the case that a comprehensive nuclear policy agenda from President Obama, one that fully integrates nonproliferation with disarmament, can both eliminate immediate nuclear dangers and set us irreversibly on the road to abolition. In jargon-free language, Daley explores the possible verification measures, enforcement mechanisms, and governance structures of a nuclear weapon–free world. Most importantly, he decisively argues that universal nuclear disarmament is something we can transform from a utopian fantasy into a concrete political goal.
The Treaty of Pelindaba on the African Nuclear-weapon-free-zone - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: When the world formally entered the nuclear weapons age in August 1945 with the launching by the United States of America of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,1 most of Africa was under colonialism. Since the imperial powers were also the Allied Powers on whose behalf the most destructive element of the atom was unleashed on Japan, its effect in hastening the end of the Second World War was the only immediate impression. The universal euphoria over the end of the war, however, soon gave way to great concern about the future consequences of the wider use of atomic weapons. The United Nations, which was established in order to avert a future world war, had elaborated its charter unaware of the new weapon.2 The effectiveness of the new Organization was hinged on the system of collective security, which would deter aggression and therefore maintain international peace and security. The appearance of the atomic weapon on the scene introduced a new situation which could render the system of collective security very difficult, if not impossible, to implement. The United Nations General Assembly was therefore obliged at its first meeting to give the highest priority to laying down principles for disarmament that had not been spelt out in the Charter.3 Thus, in the first resolution it adopted, the General Assembly established the Atomic Energy Commission, which was charged with making specific proposals for the elimination of atomic weapons and all other weapons of mass-destruction from national armaments.4
Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Cover......Page 1 Titlepage......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 Pronunciation Guide......Page 7 A......Page 8 B......Page 26 C......Page 50 D......Page 92 E......Page 108 F......Page 120 G......Page 139 H......Page 150 I......Page 163 J......Page 174 K......Page 177 L......Page 180 M......Page 194 N......Page 210 O......Page 217 P......Page 225 Q......Page 251 R......Page 254 S......Page 272 T......Page 313 U......Page 333 V......Page 337 W......Page 342 XYZ......Page 352 Supplements......Page 354
International Handbook on the Economics of Tourism - Original PDF
نویسندگان: خلاصه: Tourism economics is a rapidly expanding field of research and interest in the subject has been growing steadily over the past decade. As a field of study it is one of the small band of areas, such as energy and transport economics, that draws on, and applies, developments in general economics. This highly accessible and comprehensive Handbook presents a cutting edge discussion of the state of tourism economics and its likely directions in future research. Leading researchers in the field explore a wide range of topics including: demand and forecasting, supply, transport, taxation and infrastructure, evaluation and application for policy-making. Each chapter includes a discussion of its relevance and importance to the tourism economics literature, an overview of its main contributions and themes, a critical evaluation of existing literature and an outline of issues for further conceptual and applied research. Larry Dwyer and Peter Forsyth have assembled a fascinating Handbook that will be an invaluable and much welcomed reference book for tourism economics scholars and researchers at all levels of academe. General economics scholars will also find much to engage them within the book.آیا کتاب مورد نظر هنوز بر روی سایت قرار نگرفته است؟ جای نگرانی نیست! کافی است بر روی گزینه سفارش کتاب کلیک کرده و درخواست خود را ثبت کنید. در کمتر از چند ساعت کتاب شما را آماده خواهیم کرد.