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Ebook details:
عنوان: Essentials of Fire Fighting, 7th Edition
نویسنده: IFSTA
ناشر: Pearson; 7th Edition (2019)
زبان: English
شابک: 9780134985664, 0134985664
حجم: 412 Mb
فرمت: Image Pdf with Ocr

Title Page Copyright Page Chapter Summary Table of Contents List of Tables Key Terms Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Purpose and Scope Book Organization Terminology Key Information Metric Conversions Section A: Fire Fighter I 1 Introduction to the Fire Service and Firefighter Safety Fire Service Mission and Organization Fire Service Mission Fire Service Organization Organizational Structure and Principles Types of Fire Departments Fire Companies Staffing Fire Service Specializations Firefighter Officers Fire Prevention Training Fire Department Regulations Policies Procedures Departmental Interaction with Other Agencies Roles and Skills of the Fire Fighter I Reduction of Firefighter Illnesses, Injuries, and Fatalities The 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives Safety Stand-Down Firefighter Safety, Health, and Wellness Safety and Health-Related Policies and Procedures Training and Education Fire Apparatus, Equipment, and Driver/Operators Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Emergency Operations Facility Safety Medical and Physical Requirements Firefighter Wellness Programs Injuries Illnesses Obesity Infection and Exposure Control Programs Member Assistance Programs Substance Abuse Tobacco Use/dependence Occupational Stress Atypically Stressful Events Operational Safety and Scene Management Situational Awareness: Safe Operations Response Safety Mounting and Dismounting Apparatus Response Hazards for Passengers Safe Practices When Riding Apparatus Structural Fire Scene Safety Scene Security Environmental Conditions Emergency Scene Lighting Deployment Emergency Scene Lighting Equipment Safety Considerations for Emergency Scene Lighting Placement of Emergency Scene Lighting Personnel Accountability Passport System SCBA Tag System Computer-Based Electronic Accountability Systems Highway/roadway Incident Scene Safety Highway/Roadway Incident Hazards Traffic Incident Management Traffic Control Measures and Devices Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 1 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 2 Communications Receiving Nonemergency Calls Receiving Emergency Calls Public Alerting Systems Communications Center Equipment Processing Emergency Calls Collecting Information Relaying Information to Responding Units or Personnel Radio Communications Radio Systems Location and Size Signal Transmission Fireground Channels Radio Limitations Distance Physical Barriers Dead Zones Interference Ambient Noise Radio Procedures Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 3 Building Construction Construction Classifications United States Construction Type I (Fire-resistive) Type II (Noncombustible) Type III (Ordinary Construction) Type IV (Heavy Timber) Type V (Wood Frame) Factory-built Homes Manufactured (Mobile) Homes Other Types of Factory-Built Homes Floors, Ceilings, and Walls Floors and Ceilings Walls Basements and Stairs Basements Stairs Protected Stairs Exterior Stairs Unprotected Stairs Roofs Roof Types Flat Roofs Pitched Roofs Arched Roofs Roof Construction Roof Supports Roof Decks Roof Coverings Roof Penetrations and Openings Roof Modifications Green Roofs Cold Roofs Photovoltaic Roofs Rain or Snow Roofs Roof Security Roof-Mounted Equipment Doors Swinging Doors Sliding Doors Folding Doors Vertical Doors Revolving Doors Wood Panel And Flush Doors Glass Doors Metal Doors Fire Doors Overhead Rolling Steel Fire Doors Horizontal Sliding Fire Doors Swinging Fire Doors Windows Fixed Windows Movable Windows Security Windows Rolling Steel Shutters Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 3 End Notes Key Terms 4 Fire Dynamics Fire Science Physical Science Terminology Fire Triangle and Tetrahedron Ignition Combustion Nonflaming Combustion Flaming Combustion Products of Combustion Pressure Differences Thermal Energy (Heat) Difference Between Heat Release Rate and Temperature Sources of Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy Heat Transfer Conduction Convection Radiation Interaction Among the Methods of Heat Transfer Fuel Gases Liquids Solids Oxygen Self-sustained Chemical Reaction Compartment Fire Development Stages of Fire Development Incipient Stage Growth Stage Thermal Layering Transition to Ventilation-Limited Decay Rapid Fire Development Fully Developed Stage Fuel-Limited Conditions Ventilation-Limited Conditions Decay Stage Fuel-Limited Decay Ventilation-Limited Decay Structure Fire Development Flow Path Ventilation and Wind Considerations Unplanned Ventilation Wind Conditions Smoke Explosions Effects of Fire Fighting Operations Reaction of Building Construction to Fire Construction Type and Elapsed Time of Structural Integrity Fuel Load of Structural Members and Contents Furnishings and Finishes Combustible Exterior Wall Coverings Combustible Roof Materials Building Compartmentation Effects of Building Construction Features Modern vs. Legacy Construction Compartment Volume and Ceiling Height Thermal Properties of the Building Failure of Lightweight Trusses and Joists Construction, Renovation, And Demolition Hazards Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 4 End Notes Key Terms 5 Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Station and Work Uniforms Structural Fire Fighting PPE Helmets Eye Protection Protective Hoods Protective Coats Protective Trousers Protective Gloves Protective Footwear Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS) Hearing Protection Wildland PPE Roadway Operations Clothing Safety Considerations for PPE Preparation of PPE for Reuse Inspecting PPE for Damage or Contamination Cleaning PPE Repairing PPE Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Types of Respiratory Protection Equipment Respiratory Hazards Oxygen Deficiency Elevated Temperatures Particulate Contaminants Gases and Vapors Airborne Pathogens SCBA Components Backplate and Harness Assembly Air Cylinder Assembly Regulator Assembly Facepiece Assembly Additional SCBA Components SCBA Protection Limitations Wearer Limitations Equipment Limitations Donning and Doffing Breathing Apparatus General Donning Considerations Donning an Unmounted SCBA Donning from a Seat Mount Donning from a Side or Rear External Mount Donning from a Backup Mount Donning the Facepiece Doffing Protective Breathing Apparatus Inspection and Maintenance of SCBA SCBA Inspection and Care SCBA Inspections SCBA Care Annual Scba Inspection and Maintenance Refilling SCBA Cylinders Stationary Fill Stations Mobile Fill Systems Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment Systems (FBARS) Replacing SCBA Cylinders Storing Respiratory Protection Equipment Using Respiratory Protection Equipment Safety Precautions for SCBA Use Exit Indicators Nonemergency Exit Techniques Buddy System Controlled Breathing Egress Paths Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 5 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 6 Portable Fire Extinguishers Classifications of Portable Fire Extinguishers Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers Pump-Type Water Extinguishers Stored-Pressure Water Extinguishers Stored-Pressure Water-Mist Extinguishers Stored-Pressure Wet Chemical Extinguishers Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Extinguishers Clean Agent Extinguishers Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguishers Dry Chemical Extinguishers Handheld Units Wheeled Units Dry Powder Extinguishers Selecting and Using Portable Fire Extinguishers Selecting the Proper Fire Extinguisher Using Portable Fire Extinguishers Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 7 Ropes and Knots Rope and Webbing Life Safety Rope Utility Rope Rope Materials Synthetic Fiber Rope Natural Fiber Rope Rope Construction Kernmantle Rope Laid (Twisted) Rope Braided Rope Braid-On-Braid Rope Rope Maintenance Inspecting Rope Maintaining Rope Cleaning Rope Maintaining a Rope Log Rope Storage Webbing Materials and Construction Inspection, Maintenance, and Storage of Webbing Knots Elements of a Knot Types of Knots and Hitches Overhand Safety Knots Clove Hitch Figure-Eight Figure-Eight Bend Figure-Eight On a Bight Figure-Eight Follow Through Water Knot Hoisting Tools and Equipment Hoisting an Axe Hoisting a Pike Pole Hoisting a Ladder Hoisting Hoselines Hoisting a Power Saw Other Emergency Scene Uses Rescue Uses Control Zone Perimeter Search Lines Object Stabilization Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 8 Ground Ladders Parts of a Ladder Ladder Types Single Ladders Roof Ladders Extension Ladders Ladder Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance Inspecting and Service Testing Ladders Checking Ladder Markings and Labels Inspecting Metal Ladders Inspecting Fiberglass Ladders Wooden Ladders/Ladders with Wooden Components Inspecting Roof Ladders Inspecting Extension Ladders Service Testing Ladders Ladder Cleaning Ladder Maintenance Ladder Safety General Guidelines for Ladder Safety Safety When Raising Ladders Electrical Hazards Position of the Fly Section on Extension Ladders Securing the Halyard Carrying Ladders Selecting the Correct Ladder Removing Ladders From the Apparatus Carrying Ladders Safely Placing Ground Ladders Situational Awareness: Ladder Assignments Factors Affecting Ground Ladder Placement Securing Ground Ladders Heeling Tying In Ladder Raises Transition from Carry to Raise One-Firefighter Raise One-Firefighter Single Ladder Raise One-Firefighter Extension Ladder Raise Two-Firefighter Raises Three-Firefighter Raises Four-Firefighter Flat Raise Moving a Raised Ladder Pivoting Ladders with two Firefighters Shifting Raised Ground Ladders Working from a Ladder Climbing Ladders Securing to the Ladder Carrying Tools Up and Down Ladders Deploying a Roof Ladder on a Pitched Roof Assisting a Victim Down a Ladder Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 9 Forcible Entry Basic Principles of Forcible Entry Forcible Entry Tools Cutting Tools Axes Metal Cutting Devices Handsaws Power Saws Prying Tools Manual Prying Tools Hydraulic Prying Tools Pushing/Pulling Tools Striking Tools Tools Used in Combination Tool Safety Carrying Tools Care and Maintenance of Forcible Entry Tools Wooden Handles Fiberglass Handles Cutting Edges Plated Surfaces Unprotected Metal Surfaces Forcing Entry Through Doors Gaining Access to the Property Door Locks/Latches Mortise Latch and Lock Cylindrical Lock Rim Lock High Security Locks Locking Devices Coordinating Forcible Entry and Door Control Breaking Door Glass Forcing Swinging Doors Inward-Swinging Doors Outward-Swinging Doors Double-Swinging Doors Doors with Drop Bars Tempered Plate Glass Doors Forcing Sliding Doors Forcing Security Doors and Gates Through-the-Lock Forcible Entry K-Tool A-Tool J-Tool Shove Knife Forcing Padlocks Forcing Overhead Doors Forcing Fire Doors Forcing Entry Through Windows Breaking Window Glass Forcing Windows Breaching Walls Exterior Walls Wood Frame Walls Brick or Concrete Block Walls Concrete Walls Metal Walls Interior Walls Plaster or Gypsum Partition Walls Reinforced Gypsum Walls Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 10 Structural Search and Rescue Firefighter Survival During Interior Operations Situational Awareness: Search and Rescue Operations Personal Preparation for Survival Recognition and Avoidance of Hazards Determining Tenability Identifying Safe Havens Air Management Shelter in Place Air Monitoring Reasons for Air Monitoring Air Monitoring Equipment Atmospheric Hazards Oxygen Enrichment and Deficiency Flammability Toxicity Atmospheric Monitoring Calibration Air Monitoring Safety Action Levels Structural Searches Search Preparation Building Floor Plan Tools and Equipment Thermal Imagers Search Safety Guidelines Fire Isolation Marking Systems Primary Search Secondary Search Search Methods Oriented-Search Method Wide Area Search Method Veis Method Victim Removal Victim Self-Evacuation Shelter-in-Place Victim Removal Techniques Emergency Calls for Assistance – Mayday Protocols Evacuation Immediate Actions to Improve Survivability Escaping to a Safe Haven Rapid Intervention Tracking Devices Removing Located Firefighters Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 10 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 11 Tactical Ventilation Reasons for Tactical Ventilation Controlling Oxygen Availability Flow Path Control Rapid Fire Development Potential Removing Hot Gases and Smoke Applications for Life Safety Applications for Interior Operations: Interior Fire Attack and Search and Rescue Applications During Overhaul Safety Considerations When Ventilating Situational Awareness: Tactical Ventilation Unplanned Ventilation and Structural Integrity Wind Conditions Exposures Ventilation Location Roof Integrity Ventilation Tools and Equipment Tools for Creating Openings Air Movement Equipment Inspection and Maintenance of Ventilation Equipment Horizontal Ventilation Natural Horizontal Ventilation Wind Assisted Ventilation Natural Ventilation Before or During Fire Suppression Natural Ventilation After Fire Suppression Mechanical Horizontal Ventilation Mechanical Horizontal Ventilation Before and During Fire Suppression Mechanical Horizontal Ventilation Uses After Fire Suppression Negative-Pressure Ventilation Positive-Pressure Attack Positive-Pressure Ventilation Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Commercial and Multistory Buildings Hydraulic Ventilation Vertical Ventilation Requirements for Successful Vertical Ventilation Vertical Ventilation Methods Ventilating Flat Roofs Ventilating Shingle-Covered Pitched Roofs Ventilating Slate or Tile-Covered Pitched Roofs Ventilating Metal Roofs Creating Trench Cuts Ventilation of Specific Compartments and Structures Basement Fires Methods For Ventilating Basements Breaching Floors Fires in Windowless Buildings High-Rise Fires Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 11 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 12 Fire Hose Fire Hose Characteristics Hose Sizes Hose Diameter Hose Length Hose Couplings Threaded Couplings Nonthreaded Couplings Inspection, Care, and Maintenance of Fire Hose Inspecting Hose Washing Hose Drying Hose Storing Hose Preventing Damage to Hose Mechanical Damage Thermal Damage Organic Damage Chemical Damage Corrosion Age Deterioration Hose Rolls Straight Roll Donut Roll Twin Donut Roll Hose Loads Hose Loading Guidelines Flat Load Accordion Load Combination Load Preconnected Hose Loads for Attack Lines Preconnected Flat Load Triple Layer Load Minuteman Load Booster Hose Reels Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 13 Hose Operations and Hose Streams Supplying Water Fire Hydrants Dry-Barrel Hydrants Wet-Barrel Hydrants Out-of-Service Hydrants Fire Hydrant Connection Tools Fire Hydrant Connections Soft Intake Connections Hard Intake Connections for Dry-Barrel Hydrants Mobile Water Supply Operations Static Water Sources Intake Strainers Water Shuttle Operations Deploying Hose Hose Deployment Tools Hose Rollers Hose Bridge Chafing Block Hose Strap, Hose Rope, and Hose Chain Hose Valves and Appliances Valves Valve Devices Fittings Forward Lay Making the Hydrant Connection Using Four-Way Hydrant Valves Reverse Lay Deployment of Preconnected Hoselines Deployment of Hose Sections Advancing Hoselines Advancing Hose into a Structure Advancing Hose Vertically Advancing Hose Up and Down Stairways Standpipe Operations Improvising a Standpipe Advancing Hose Up a Ladder Hose Streams and Nozzles Extinguishing Properties of Water Hose Stream Nozzles Smooth Bore Nozzles Fog Nozzles Broken-Stream Delivery Devices Nozzle Maintenance Nozzle Control Valves Slide Valve Hose Stream Patterns Stream Flow Rates Solid Streams Fog Streams Broken Streams Applying Hose Streams Operating Small Hoselines One-Firefighter Method for Small Hoseline Operations Two-Firefighter Method for Small Hoseline Operations Operating Large Attack Hoselines One-Firefighter Method for Large Hoseline Operations Two-Firefighter Method for Large Hoseline Operations Operating Nozzles Friction Loss Water Hammer Operating Master Stream Devices Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 14 Fire Suppression The Science Behind Fire Suppression Temperature Reduction Fuel Removal Oxygen Exclusion Chemical Flame Inhibition Structural Fire Attack Situational Awareness: Structural Fire Attack Making Entry Gas Cooling Direct Attack Indirect Attack Combination Attack Transitional Attack Fires in Upper Levels of Structures Belowground Structure Fires Residential Basements Commercial Basements and Subfloors Exposure Protection Supporting Fire Protection Systems Connecting to a Fire Department Connection (FDC) Closing a Main Control Valve Stopping the Flow from a Sprinkler Building Utilities Situational Awareness: Building Utilities Electricity Commercial Power Supply Alternative Energy Sources Gas Utilities Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Water Vehicle Fires Vehicle Scene Safety Avoiding Common Injuries at Vehicle Scenes Controlling Fuel Leaks Selecting Hose Streams for Vehicle Fires Maintaining Flash Fire Protection Vehicle Fire Attack Engine or Trunk Compartment Fires Passenger Compartment Fires Undercarriage Fires Alternative Fuel Vehicles Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel (CNG and LNG) LPG Vehicle Fuel Electric or Hybrid Electric Ethanol/Methanol Biodiesel Hydrogen Exterior Class a Fires Situational Awareness: Exterior Class a Fires Stacked and Piled Materials Small Unattached Structures Trash Container Fires Ground Cover Fires Situational Awareness: Ground Cover Fires Types of Ground Cover Fires Ground Fire Surface Fire Crown Fire Ground Cover Fire Behavior Ground Cover Fuels Weather Topography Parts of a Ground Cover Fire Ground Cover Fire Attack Types of Fire Attack Fire Lines Ground Cover Fire Safety Principles and Practices Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones (LCES) Nonfire Hazards Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 14 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 15 Overhaul, Property Conservation, and Scene Preservation Overhaul Overhaul Safety Hidden Fires Overhaul Procedures Gross Decontamination Following Overhaul Property Conservation Purpose of Property Conservation Salvage Equipment Salvage Covers Automatic Sprinkler Kit Carryalls Floor Runners Dewatering Devices Water Vacuum Folding/Rolling and Spreading Salvage Covers One-Firefighter Spread with a Rolled Salvage Cover One-Firefighter Spread with a Folded Salvage Cover Two-Firefighter Spread with a Folded Salvage Cover Salvage Procedures Improvising with Salvage Covers Removing Water with Chutes Constructing a Catchall Splicing Covers Splicing a Chute to a Catchall Covering Openings Salvage Equipment Care and Maintenance Scene Preservation and Protection Reasons for Protecting the Fire Scene Area of Origin Obvious Signs of Fire Origin Procedures for Protecting the Area of Origin Fire Cause Identifying Signs of Arson Protecting Evidence in Place Moving Materials to a Safe Location Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 15 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 16 Building Materials, Structural Collapse, and Effects of Fire Suppression Building Materials Wood Masonry Metal Iron Steel Aluminum Other Metals Reinforced Concrete Gypsum Lath and Plaster Glass/Fiberglass Plastic Composite or Engineered Materials Structural Collapse Fire Factors Contributing to Structural Collapse Construction Type Building Condition Length of Fire Exposure Stage of Fire Building Contents Indicators of Structural Instability and Collapse Establishment of Collapse Zones Actions Taken When Collapse is Imminent Dangerous Building Conditions and Fire Suppression Activities Effects of Building Ventilation Systems on Tactical Ventilation Added Water Load from Suppression Activities Collapse Considerations after Extinguishment Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 16 End Notes Key Terms 17 Technical Rescue Support and Vehicle Extrication Operations Assistance at Technical Rescue Incidents Firefighter Roles at Technical Rescue Incidents Recognizing the Emergency and Hazards Establishing and Maintaining Scene Security Retrieving Rescue Tools and Equipment Rescue Practices and Goals Rope Rescue Confined-Space Rescue Trench Rescue Structural Collapse Rescue Vehicle Rescue Water and Ice Rescue Cave, Mine, and Tunnel Rescue Operations Machinery Rescue Elevator Rescue Escalator Rescue Electrical Line Emergencies Rescue Tools Power Sources Electric Hydraulic Pneumatic Stabilizing Tools Hydraulic Jack Nonhydraulic Jack Tensioned Buttress System Wheel Chocks Cribbing Materials Powered Rescue Tools Spreaders Cutters (Shears) Combination Spreader/Cutters (Shears) Extension Rams Cutting Tools Reciprocating Saw Rotary Rescue Saw Circular Saw Whizzer Saw Air Chisel Lifting Tools Tripods Pneumatic Lifting Devices Pulling Tools Winches Come-Alongs Chains Tools Used in Other Activities Pneumatic Nailers Impact Tools General Vehicle Anatomy Common Vehicle Terminology Vehicle Frame Vehicle Windows Laminated Safety Glass Tempered Glass Vehicle Extrication Incidents: Size-Up and Stabilization Vehicle Incident Size-Up Controlling Hazards Vehicle Fuel Types Vehicle Electrical Systems HID Lighting Systems Assessing the Need for Extrication Stabilizing the Vehicle Using Wheel Chocks Using Cribbing Materials Using Lifting Devices Using Struts and Tensioned Buttress Systems Securing the Electrical System Nonelectric Vehicles Electric Vehicles Passenger Safety Systems Seat Belts Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) and Side-impact Protection Systems (SIPS) Head Protection Systems (HPS) Extendable Roll Over Protection Systems (ROPS) Vehicle Extrication Incidents: Victim Access Opening a Normally Operating Door Removing a Window Removing Safety Glass Removing Tempered Glass Prying a Door Open Removing the Vehicle Roof Cutting Posts Displacing the Dashboard Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 18 Foam Fire Fighting, Liquid Fires, and Gas Fires Foam Fire Fighting Foam Generation Foam Expansion Foam Concentrates Class A Foam Class B Foam Foam for Specific Applications Foam Hazards Foam Proportioning Eduction Injection Premixing Foam Proportioners In-Line Foam Eductors Foam Nozzle Eductors Apparatus-Mounted Proportioners Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS) Fog Nozzles Vs. Foam Nozzles Fog Nozzles Foam Nozzles Assembling a Foam Fire Stream System Foam Application Techniques Roll-On Method Bank-Down Method Rain-Down Method Retreating to a Safe Location Liquid and Gas Fuel Fires Pressurized Vessels Propane Industrial Pressure Vessels Valve Control Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVEs) Bulk Transport Fires Gas Cylinder Fires Fires in Gas Distribution Systems Preventing Reignition Retreating to a Safe Location Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 19 Incident Scene Operations Initiating Operations Establishing Command and Incident Command System Initial Assignments National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-ICS) Establishing Communications Conducting Size-Up Size-Up While Responding Size-Up On Arrival Fire Behavior Indicators Evaluations of Fire Growth and Development Transmitting the Arrival Report Initial Risk Assessment Condition Indicators Operational Assignments Operational Strategies Requests for Additional Resources Transferring Command Coordinating Unit Operations Selecting Hoselines Selecting Hose Appliances Selecting Nozzles Making Entry Communicating On-Scene Status Reports Strategic Transitions Coordinating Resources Search and Rescue Coordination Ventilation Coordination Strategies for Energized Utility Fires (Class C) Electrical Hazards Guidelines for Electrical Emergencies Small Electrical Fires Transmission Lines and Equipment Hazard Awareness in Underground Spaces Postincident Reports Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 19 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 20 Fire Origin and Cause Determination Fire Investigation Roles and Responsibilities Fire Investigation: Firefighter Responsibilities Fire Investigation: Fire Investigator Responsibilities Area of Origin Assessment Structure Fires Scene Assessment and Exterior Examination Interior Examination Total Structural Fire Loss Exterior Fires Vehicle Fires Fire Cause Assessment Ignition Source Material First Ignited Ignition Sequence Fire Cause Classifications Accidental Natural Incendiary Undetermined Signs of Fire Cause Evidence Preservation Types of Evidence Direct Evidence Circumstantial Evidence Physical Evidence Evidence Preservation Techniques Legal Considerations For Evidence Preservation Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Skill Sheets 21 Maintenance and Testing Responsibilities Equipment Maintenance Maintaining Power Plants and Electrical Generators Maintaining Power Rescue Tools Maintaining Portable Lighting Equipment Service Testing Fire Hose Test Site Preparation Service Test Procedure Indicators of Removal from Service Recording Procedures Chapter Review Skill Sheets 22 Community Risk Reduction Importance of Fire and Life Safety Programs Private Dwelling Fire and Life Safety Surveys Fire and Life Safety Hazards Unsafe Behaviors Unsafe Conditions Home Survey Documentation Planning and Public Awareness Educational Opportunities Professional Courtesy Fire and Life Safety Presentations Basic Presentation Skills Informational Material Learning Objectives Outlines and Multimedia Presentations Classroom Activities Question-and-Answer Sessions Fire and Life Safety Messages Accurate Messages Positive Messages Targeted Messages Presentations to Young Children Classroom Considerations Children’s Common Fears Appropriate Vocabulary Learning Style Fire Station Tours Preincident Surveys Identifying Water Supply Sources and Connections Identifying Unsafe Conditions Recognizing Hazardous Processes Recognizing Fire Alarm Systems Fire Alarm System Components Fire Command Center Protected Premises Systems Supervising Station Alarm Systems Recognizing Fire Alarm Initiating Devices Manual Pull Stations Heat Detectors Smoke Detectors and Alarms Flame Detectors Fire-Gas Detectors Combination Detectors Recognizing Automatic Sprinkler Systems Sprinkler System Components Water Supply Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems Deluge Sprinkler Systems Preaction Sprinkler Systems Special Extinguishing Systems Recognizing Standpipe and Hose Systems Recognizing Smoke Management Systems Smoke Control Systems Firefighters’ Smoke Control Station (FSCS) Recognizing Nonpermitted Structural Modifications to Structures and Roofs Creating Site Sketches and Diagrams Chapter Review Discussion Questions Chapter 22 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 23 First Aid Provider Fire-Service-Based Emergency Medical Care Patient Confidentiality Infection Control Commonly Encountered Communicable Diseases Hepatitis Tuberculosis HIV/AIDS Multi Drug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) Other Diseases Tests and Treatment for Communicable Diseases Immunizations Body Substance Isolation (BSI) Hand Washing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Items Patient Assessment Airway Breathing Circulation/Compressions Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Automated External Defibrillators Chest Compressions Administering Chest Compressions Chest Compressions for Adults Chest Compressions for Children Chest Compressions for Infants Discontinuing CPR Bleeding Control Types of External Bleeding Arterial Bleeding Venous Bleeding Capillary Bleeding Controlling External Bleeding Direct Pressure Elevation Internal Bleeding Shock Management Types of Shock Hypovolemic Shock Cardiogenic Shock Neurogenic Shock Other Types of Shock Signs and Symptoms of Shock Treatment for Shock Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms 24 Analyzing the Incident Apie Response Model What is a Hazardous Materials Incident? How Can Hazmat Hurt You? Acute Vs Chronic Routes of Entry Three Mechanisms of Harm States of Matter: Hazardous Materials Gaseous Hazmat Liquid Hazmat Solid Hazmat Physical Properties Vapor Pressure Boiling Point Melting Point/Freezing Point/Sublimation Vapor Density Solubility/Miscibility Specific Gravity Persistence and Viscosity Appearance and Odor Chemical Properties Flammability Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Flammable, Explosive, or Combustible Range Corrosivity Reactivity Radioactivity Types of Ionizing Radiation Radioactive Material Exposure and Contamination Radiation Health Hazards Protection from Radiation Toxicity Biological Hazards General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model Stress Breach Release Dispersion and Engulfment Exposure/Contact Harm Seven Clues to the Presence of Hazardous Materials Preincident Plans, Occupancy Types, and Locations Preincident Plans Occupancy Types Locations Container Types and Behavior Containers by Transport Mode and Capacity Highway Cargo Trucks Rail Cars Intermodal Containers Pressure Containers Bulk Facility Pressure Tanks High Pressure Tank Trucks Compressed-Gas/Tube Trailers Pressure Tank Cars Pressure Intermodal Tanks Ton Containers Y Cylinders/Y Ton Containers Cylinders Cryogenic Containers Bulk Facility Cryogenic Liquid Tanks Cryogenic Tank Trucks Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars Cryogenic Intermodal Container Dewar Liquid-Holding Containers Bulk Facility Low Pressure Storage Tanks Bulk Facility Nonpressure/ Atmospheric Storage Tanks Underground Storage Tanks Low Pressure Chemical Tank Trucks Nonpressure Cargo Tank Trucks Corrosive Liquid Tank Trucks Low Pressure Tank Cars Low Pressure Intermodal Tank Carboys and Jerricans Solids-Holding Containers Dry Bulk Cargo Trailers Dry Bulk Railroad Cars Bags Radioactive Materials Containers Pipelines Vessel Cargo Carriers Unit Loading Devices Intermediate Bulk Containers Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC) Rigid Intermediate Bulk Containers (RIBC) Drums Transportation Placards, Labels, and Markings Four-Digit Identification Numbers Placards Labels Markings Hazard Classes Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases Class 3: Flammable Liquids (and Combustible Liquids [U.S.]) Class 4: Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible, and Dangerous When Wet Class 5: Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Class 6: Poisons, Poison Inhalation Hazards, and Infectious Substances Class 7: Radioactive Materials Class 8: Corrosives Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials Canadian Placards, Labels, and Markings Mexican Placards, Labels, and Markings Other Markings and Colors NFPA 704 System Globally Harmonized System HMIS and Other U.S. Hazard Communications Labels and Markings Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Mexican Hazard Communication System CAS® Numbers Military Markings Pesticide Labels Other Symbols and Signs ISO Safety Symbols Color Codes Written Resources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) ERG Instructions (white Pages) ERG Id Number Index (Yellow-Bordered Pages) EFG Material Name Index (Blue-Bordered Pages) ERG Initial Action Guides (Orange-Bordered Pages) ERG Tables of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (Green-Bordered Pages) Shipping Papers Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) Facility Documents Electronic Technical Resources Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO) Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) 911 Toolkit Hazmat IQ Echarts Using Resources to Transition to Planning the Incident Chapter Review Chapter 24 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 25 Action Options and Response Objectives Predetermined Procedures Initiating Protective Actions Notification and Requests for Assistance Isolation and Scene Control Emergency Response Centers Size-Up and Hazard and Risk Assessment Hazard and Risk Assessment Surrounding Conditions Site Hazards Potential Ignition Sources Potential Victims and Exposures Weather Topography Building Information Situational Awareness: Hazmat Incidents Incident Levels Operational Strategies: Hazmat Incidents Nonintervention Defensive Offensive Planning the Initial Response Risk-Based Response Developing the Incident Action Plan (IAP) Common Response Objectives and Action Options at Hazmat Incidents Determining the Suitability of Available Personal Protective Equipment Identifying Emergency Decontamination Needs Implementing Response Objectives and Action Options Hazard-Control Zones Hot Zone Warm Zone Cold Zone Staging Protection of Responders Wearing PPE Accountability Systems Buddy Systems and Backup Personnel Time, Distance, and Shielding Evacuation/Escape Procedures Protection of the Public Rescue Evacuation Sheltering in Place Protecting/Defending in Place Protection of the Environment and Property Protecting the Environment Protecting Property Product Control Fire Control Evidence Recognition and Preservation Terrorist Attacks Awareness Level Personnel Terrorism and Emergency Response Targeted Versus Nontargeted Incidents Identification of Terrorist Attacks Terrorist Tactics and Types of Attacks Potential Terrorist Targets WMD Threat Spectrum Secondary Attacks and Booby Traps Explosive Attacks Explosive/Incendiary Attack Indicators Classification of Explosives Commercial/Military Explosives Homemade/Improvised Explosive Materials Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) Response to Explosive/IED Events Chemical Attacks Chemical Attack Indicators Nerve Agents Blister Agents Blood Agents Choking Agents Riot Control Agents Toxic Industrial Materials (TIMs) Operations at Chemical Attack Incidents Biological Attacks Biological Attack Indicators Disease Transmission Contagiousness Operations at Biological Attack Incidents Radiological and Nuclear Attacks Radiological and Nuclear Attack Indicators Radiological Devices Operations at Radiological Attack Incidents Other Criminal Activities and Natural Disasters Illicit Labs Illegal Hazmat Dumps Hazmat During and After Disasters Evaluating Progress Progress Reports When to Withdraw Recovery On-Scene Recovery On-Scene Debriefing Operational Recovery Termination Postincident Critique Postincident Analysis Chapter Review Chapter 25 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 26 Personal Protective Equipment, Product Control, and Decontamination Respiratory Protection Standards for Respiratory Protection at Hazmat/WMD Incidents Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Supplied Air Respirators Air-Purifying Respirators Particulate-Removing Filters Vapor-and-Gas-Removing Filters Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) Combined Respirators Supplied-Air Hoods Respiratory Equipment Limitations Protective Clothing Overview Standards for Protective Clothing and Equipment at Hazmat/WMD Incidents Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing High-Temperature Protective Clothing Chemical-Protective Clothing (CPC) Liquid Splash-Protective Clothing Vapor-Protective Clothing Mission Specific Operations Requiring Use of Chemical-Protective Clothing Written Management Programs Permeation, Degradation, and Penetration Service Life PPE Ensembles, Classification, and Selection Epa Levels of Protection Level A Level B Level C Level D PPE Selection Factors Typical Ensembles of Response Personnel PPE-Related Stresses Heat Emergencies Heat-Exposure Prevention Cold Emergencies Psychological Issues Medical Monitoring PPE Use Pre-Entry Inspection Safety and Emergency Procedures Safety Briefing Air Management Contamination Avoidance Communications Donning and Doffing of PPE Donning of PPE Doffing of PPE Inspection, Storage, Testing, Maintenance, and Documentation Spill Control Absorption Adsorption Blanketing/Covering Dam, Dike, Diversion, and Retention Vapor Suppression Vapor Dispersion Ventilation Dispersion Dilution Neutralization Flammable and Combustible Liquid Spill Control Leak Control Transportation Container Emergency Shutoff Devices Cargo Tank Truck Shutoff Devices Intermodal Container Emergency Shutoff Device Fixed Facility, Pipelines, and Piping Shutoff Valves Decontamination Gross Decontamination Emergency Decontamination Decontamination Records Chapter Review Chapter 26 End Notes Key Terms Skill Sheets 27 National Incident Management System – Incident Command Structure NIMS-ICS Organizational Functions Command Section Incident Commander (IC) Deputy Incident Commander Incident Safety Officer (ISO) Public Information Officer (PIO) Liaison Officer Incident Command Post (ICP) Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance/Administration Section Intelligence and Information Section Incident Command Establishment and Transfer Unified Command Incident Leadership Leadership Traits Leadership Values Incident Management Delegation of Authority Organizational Principles Management by Objectives Size-Up Incident Strategic Goals and Tactical Objectives Resource Management Resource Terminology Aid Agreements Anticipating Resource Needs Incident Communications Formal Communications Informal Communications Briefings Incident Action Plan (IAP) Verbal Iap Assigned Incident Tasks NIMS IAP Planning Process Chapter Review Discussion Questions Key Terms Appendix A Chapter and Page Correlation to NFPA 1001 and NFPA 1072 Requirements Appendix B Foam Concentrate Characteristics and Application Techniques Appendix C UN Class Placards and Labels Appendix D GHS Summary Index Back Cover

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