لایب سان

Ebook details:
عنوان: Vold's Theoretical Criminology
نویسنده: Thomas J. Bernard, Jeffrey B. Snipes, Alexander L. Gerould, George B. Vold
ناشر: Oxford University Press; 7 edition (November 16, 2015)
زبان: English
شابک: 0199964157, 978-0199964154
حجم: 4 Mb
فرمت: True Pdf

Machine generated contents note: Spiritual Explanations -- Natural Explanations -- Scientific Theories -- Causation in Scientific Theories -- Three Frames of Reference -- Relationships Among the Three Frames of Reference -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Crime in the United States: The Past Half-Century -- Two Opposing Narratives of the Crime Wave -- Explaining the 1990's Decline -- City That Became Safe -- Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Social and Intellectual Background of Classical Criminology -- Beccaria and the Classical School -- From Classical Theory to Deterrence Research -- Three Types of Deterrence Research -- Rational Choice and Offending -- Routine Activities and Victimization -- Focused Deterrence: Operation Ceasefire -- Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Background: Physical Appearance and Defectiveness -- Lombroso, the "Born Criminal," and Positivist Criminology -- Goring's Refutation of the "Born Criminal" -- Body Type Theories -- Family Studies -- Twin and Adoption Studies -- MAOA: The "Warrior" Gene -- Hormones -- Central Nervous System -- Autonomic Nervous System -- Environmentally Induced Biological Components of Behavior -- Implications and Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Intelligence and Crime: Background Ideas and Concepts -- IQ Tests and Criminal Behavior -- Delinquency, Race, and IQ -- Interpreting the Association Between Delinquency and IQ -- Personality and Criminal Behavior -- Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder -- Clinical Prediction of Future Dangerousness -- Actuarial Prediction of Later Crime and Delinquency -- Depression and Delinquency -- Impulsivity and Crime -- Policy Implications of Personality Research -- Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Emile Durkheim -- Crime as Normal in Mechanical Societies -- Anomie as a Pathological State in Organic Societies -- Durkheim's Theory of Crime -- Conclusion -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Theory of Human Ecology -- Research in the "Delinquency Areas" of Chicago -- Policy Implications -- Residential Succession, Social Disorganization, and Crime -- Sampson's Theory of Collective Efficacy -- Crime in Public Housing -- Expanding Interest in Neighborhood Social Processes -- Implications and Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Robert K. Merton and Anomie in American Society -- Strain as the Explanation of Gang Delinquency -- 1960's Strain-Based Policies -- Decline and Resurgence of Strain Theories -- Strain in Individuals -- Strain in Societies -- Conclusion -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Basic Psychological Approaches to Learning -- Sutherland's Differential Association Theory -- Research Testing Sutherland's Theory -- Content of Learning: Cultural and Subcultural Theories -- Learning Process: Social Learning Theory -- Athens's Theory of "Violentization" -- Katz's Seductions of Crime -- Zimbardo's Lucifer Effect -- Implications -- Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Early Control Theories: Reiss to Nye -- Matza's Delinquency and Drift -- Hirschi's Social Control Theory -- Assessing Social Control Theory -- Gottfredson and Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime -- Assessing Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory -- Implications and Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Labeling Theories -- Early Conflict Theories: Sellin and Vold -- Conflict Theories in a Time of Conflict: Turk, Quinney, and Chambliss and Seidman -- Black's Theory of the Behavior of Law -- Unified Conflict Theory of Crime -- Testing Conflict Criminology -- Implications and Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Overview of Marx's Theory -- Marx on Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice -- Emergence of Marxist Criminology -- Marxist Theory and Research on Crime -- Overview of Postmodernism -- Postmodern Criminology -- Conclusion -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Development of Feminist Criminology -- Schools of Feminist Criminology -- Gender in Criminology -- Why Are Women's Crime Rates So Low? -- Why Are Men's Crime Rates So High? -- Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Great Debate: Criminal Careers, Longitudinal Research, and the Relationship Between Age and Crime -- Criminal Propensity Versus Criminal Career -- Transition to Developmental Criminology -- Three Developmental Directions -- Thornberry's Interactional Theory -- Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control -- Tremblay's Developmental Origins of Physical Aggression -- Conclusions -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Elliott's Integrated Theory of Delinquency and Drug Use -- Falsification Versus Integration Debate -- Braithwaite's Theory of Reintegrative Shaming -- Tittle's Control Balance Theory -- Coercion and Social Support -- Bernard and Snipes's Approach to Integrating Criminology Theories -- Agnew's General Theory -- Robinson's Integrated Systems Theory -- Conclusion -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Science, Theory, Research, and Policy -- Individual Difference Theories -- Structure/Process Theories -- Theories of the Behavior of Criminal Law -- Conclusion.

برای ارسال نظر لطفا وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید