لایب سان

Ebook details:
عنوان: Victimology and Victim Assistance: Advocacy, Intervention, and Restoration
نویسنده: Yoshiko Takahashi, Chadley James
ناشر: SAGE Publications, Inc; 1 edition (December 21, 2018)
زبان: English
شابک: 1506359558, 978-1506359557
حجم: 5 Mb
فرمت: Epub + Converted pdf

Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors PART I FOUNDATIONS CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF VICTIMOLOGY AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE History of Victimology History of Victim Assistance The Civil Rights Movement The Women’s Movement The Children’s Movement Early Programs for Crime Victims Development of Victim Assistance Organizations Legislative and Policy Development of Victims’ Rights United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power 1985 U.S. Legislation and Policy Common State Victims’ Rights Types of Victim Services Victim Services in the Criminal Justice System Victim Services in Human Services Victim Services in the Health Care System Victim Services in Religious Organizations Other Types of Victim Services Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 2 THEORIES OF VICTIMIZATION Pioneers in Victimology Hans von Hentig Benjamin Mendelsohn Stephan Schafer Marvin Wolfgang Theories of Victimization Lifestyle and Routine Activities The Differential Risk Model of Criminal Victimization Social Learning Theory Extended Low Self-Control Theory Extended Control Balance Theory Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 3 THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF VICTIMIZATION Primary Source of Crime Victim Data in the United States Uniform Crime Report (UCR) National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Other Self-Report Surveys International Crime Statistics The Nature and Extent of Victimization Prevalence of Victimization Victim Characteristics Gender Age Race/Ethnicity LGBTQ and HIV Affected Individuals Fear of Crime Recurring Victimization Costs of Victimization Victim Reporting Behaviors Reporting to Police Reporting to Victim Services Providers Sources of Victim Services National Census of Victim Service Providers (NCVSP) and the National Survey of Victim Service Providers (NSVSP) Vision 21 Statements Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 4 TRAUMA AND RECOVERY OF VICTIMS Physiological Impact of Victimization Definitions of Stress and Trauma Stress Trauma Responses to Trauma Resources Perception Coping Resilience Reducing and Preventing Trauma Stages of Recovery Victim Recovery Safety Remembrance and Mourning Self-Care Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions PART II UNDERSTANDING THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE CHAPTER 5 THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE Policing in America Victims’ Initial Contact With the Police Role of Victim Advocates Different Types of Victim Services Hotlines Crisis Intervention Child Protective Services (CPS) Adult Protective Services (APS) Informal Supports (Family, Friends, Neighbors, and Bystanders) Specific Types of Victims and Law Enforcement Intimate Partner Violence Victims’ Experience With Law Enforcement Rape Victims Bereaved Victims Hate Crime Victims Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 6 THE COURT PROCESS AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE The Court Process Booking Initial Appearance Bail Hearing Plea Bargaining Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury Arraignment Trial Sentencing Victim Involvement in the Court Process Victim Impact Statements (VISs) Victim Impact Statements in Death Penalty Cases Restitution Victim Compensation Programs Civil Justice System Assisting Victims of Crime Victim and Witness Assistance Programs Comprehensive Legal Services Advocates as Expert Witnesses Court-Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 7 CORRECTIONS, PRISON VIOLENCE, AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE Correctional Systems Institutional Corrections Jails Prisons Solitary Confinement Capital Punishment and Death Row Inmates Death Row Inmates and the Murder Victim’s Family Witnessing Executions Community Corrections Probation Parole Victim Participation in the Parole Process Other Alternatives to Incarceration Programs Victim Services and Programs in Correctional Settings Victim Services Officers Restorative Justice (RJ) Programs in Prisons Impact of Crime on Victims Classes (ICVCs) Other Victim-Offender Programs in the United States Victim Involvement in Correctional Programs Victim Impact Panel (VIP) Victim Notification Community Notification and Sex-Offender Laws Megan’s Law Jessica’s Law Prison Violence and Victimization in Prison Violent Victimization in Prison Sexual Victimization in Prison Impact of Victimization on Postincarceration Victim Advocates for Sexually Assaulted Inmates Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 8 JUVENILE JUSTICESYSTEM, RESTORATIVE JUSTICE, AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE Historical Overview of the Juvenile Justice System Rights of Victims of Juvenile Crime Victims of Juvenile Crimes Juvenile Justice Process Police Investigation Prosecution and Intake Adjudication Hearing Disposition Hearing Disposition Specialized Court Programs Child Welfare System Screening and Investigation Substantiation of Child Maltreatment Provision of Services Court Hearing Out-of-Home Placement Reunification Youth in the Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare Systems Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM) Trauma-Informed Juvenile Justice System Complex Trauma in Children Impact of Complex Trauma in Juvenile Facilities Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Clinical Services Agency Context System Level Balanced and Restorative Justice for Juveniles Overview of the Restorative Justice Principle Programs Using a Restorative Justice Approach Restorative Justice Conferences and Family Group Conferences Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM) Circles Program Evaluation Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions PART III Impact of Crime on Victims Chapter 9 VICTIM ASSISTANCE FOR FAMILY VIOLENCE: CHILD ABUSE AND ELDER ABUSE What Is Family Violence? Neglect Physical Abuse Sexual Abuse Psychological Abuse Financial Abuse Victim Assistance for Child Abuse Victims Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect Signs and Symptoms of Child Abuse and Neglect Effects of Child Abuse on Victims Effective Responses to Child Abuse and Neglect Multiservice Interventions Home Visitation Programs Group Counseling Programs Legal Support for Victims of Child Abuse Education and Outreach Human Trafficking of Children Labor Trafficking of Children Sex Trafficking of Children Victim Assistance for Victims of Elder Abuse Defining Elder Abuse and Neglect Signs and Symptoms of Elder Abuse and Neglect Effects of Elder Abuse on Victims Effective Responses to Elder Abuse and Neglect Safety Planning Programs Medical Care Programs Shelter Programs Legal Support for Victims Education and Outreach Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 10 VICTIM ASSISTANCE FOR INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Victim Assistance for Intimate Partner Violence Victims Defining Intimate Partner Violence Signs and Symptoms of Intimate Partner Violence Effects on Victims Effective Responses to Intimate Partner Violence Safety Planning Programs Transitional Support Housing Programs Legal Advocacy Programs Legal Support for Victims Education and Outreach Why Victims Find It Challenging to Leave Abuse Relationships Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 11 VICTIM ASSISTANCE FOR SEXUAL Victimization What is Sexual Victimization? Rape Other Forms of Sexual Victimization Victim Assistance for Victims of Sexual Violence Rape Trauma Syndrome Effective Responses to Victims of Sexual Victimization Education and Outreach Human Trafficking Sex Trafficking Victim Assistance for Sexual Violence Victims on College Campuses Extent of Campus Sexual Victimization Campus Responses to Sexual Violence Title IX Sexual Violence Guidance Jeanne Clery Act Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 12 VICTIM ASSISTANCE FOR CYBER-CRIME What Is Cyber-Crime? Internet Fraud Identity Theft Investment Fraud Mortgage and Lending Fraud Mass Marketing Fraud Extent of Internet Fraud Effective Responses to Victims of Cyber-Crime Education and Outreach What Is Cyber-Bullying and Stalking? Defining Cyber-Bullying and Cyber-Stalking Extent of Cyber-Bullying and Cyber-Stalking Effective Responses to Victims of Cyber-Bullying and Cyber-Stalking Education and Outreach What Is Cyber Child Sexual Exploitation? Defining Cyber Child Sexual Exploitation Internet-Initiated Grooming Internet-Based Child Pornography Internet-Initiated Incitement or Conspiracy to Commit Child Sexual Abuse Extent of Cyber Child Sexual Exploitation Effective Responses to Child Sexual Exploitation Education and Outreach Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions PART IV NEW DIRECTIONS IN VICTIM ASSISTANCE Chapter 13 PROFESSIONALISM AND ETHICS IN VICTIM ASSISTANCE Ethics in Victim Assistance Defining Terms Laws and Ethics Codes of Ethics Ethical Codes in Victim Assistance NVASC Ethical Standards of Professional Conduct Section 1: Scope of Service Section 2: Coordinating Within the Community Section 3: Direct Services Section 4: Administration and Evaluation Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Decision Making Step 1: Assess the Facts Step 2: Identify the Relevant Ethical Standards Step 3: Assess the Practical Concerns That Affect the Decision-Making Process Steps 4 and 5: Consider the Possible Courses of Action and the Consequences of the Possible Courses of Action Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 Situation 4 Special Considerations in Victim Services Multicultural Competency Volunteers Challenges in Serving Victims Understanding Stress Stress and Burnout Risk Factors Compassion Fatigue Compassion Satisfaction Self-Care ABCD Formula Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 14 COLLABORATIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMS Collaborative Approaches Cooperation Coordination Collaboration Partnership Coalition Multidisciplinary Teams Five Steps of Collaborative Processes Planning Formation Perform the Work Evaluation Sustaining Team Efforts Advantages of Collaborative Working Relationships Challenges to Successful Working Relationships Service Delivery Models Domestic Violence Prevention Model Public Health Model Family Preservation Model Examples of Collaborative Efforts Coordinated Community Response (CCR) Sexual Assault Response Team (SART) Domestic Violence Fatality Review Team (DVFRT) One-Stop Centers (Family Justice Center) Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions CHAPTER 15 CHALLENGES IN VICTIM SERVICES Looking Ahead Improving Strategic Planning Focusing on Evidence-Based Research Integration of Technology Funding for Victim Assistance Programs Victim Assistance for Human Trafficking Victims Victim Assistance for Victims of Terrorism International Collaboration and Victim Assistance Summary Key Words Internet Resources Critical Thinking Questions Appendix Glossary References Index

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