لایب سان

Before I delve into the history of HAB, I must first define some of the more common terms used when discussing the topic (I have also included in this book a list of abbreviations to help the reader). Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) describes the integration of an animal into direct clinical practice. Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) are the integration of an ani- mal into activities that may not involve direct clinical work or be led by a psycho- therapist, but still may provide some therapeutic benefit to participants. A therapy animal is one which is integrated into direct clinical practice. A service animal (SA) is a dog or miniature horse, and works as a tool to aid a person with a physical or psychological disability to navigate their daily activities. An emotional support ani- mal (ESA) is an animal that helps someone with mental illness in their attempt to self-soothe. These last three terms are a source of confusion for many clinicians and laypeo- ple. A service animal may go anywhere a person can go, just as a wheelchair would assist a person with limited mobility get around more easily. A service animal must be highly trained to perform certain tasks to aid their disabled handler, and service animals and their handlers are protected from discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Although a psychiatric service animal does provide a therapeutic service, their primary task is to help their handler complete their day-to- day activities

xiii Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Do SA, ESA, and Therapy Animals Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chapter Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A Final Note of Caution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 A Brief History of the Human–Animal Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Historical Foundations of HAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Animals in Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3 The Biopsychosocial Model as a Framework for Understanding the Human–Animal Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Biological . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Psychological . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Social Environment and HAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4 Animal-Assisted Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Phase One: Preparation and Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Phase Two: The Development and Implementation of an AAT- Based Treatment Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Integration of AAT with Existing Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Special Considerations: Animal Welfare Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5 Veterinary Social Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Grief Counseling for Pet Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Grieving the Loss of a Pet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Counseling for Pet Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 xiv Compassion Fatigue in the Veterinary Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Veterinary Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Notable Veterinarian Suicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Veterinarians and Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Risk Factors for Veterinary Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Clinical Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Current Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6 Crisis Intervention and the Human–Animal Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Homelessness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Benefits of Pet Companionship for the Undomiciled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Limitations of Pet Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Animal Welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Social Justice Lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Domestic Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Disaster Relief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Breed-Specific Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Summary on Crisis Intervention for People with Pets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 7 Current Research and Future Directions in the Human-Animal Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Zooeyia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Animal Hoarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Animal-Assisted Crisis Response (AACR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 AACR Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Clinical Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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