لایب سان

Author(s): Michael P. Nichols

Publisher: Pearson, Year: 2013

ISBN: 0205249000, 9780205249008

iii Contents Foreword by Nancy Boyd-Franklin xi Preface xiii Part onE: thE ContExt of family thEraPy 1. the foundations of family therapy 1 The Myth of the Hero 3 Psychotherapeutic Sanctuary 4 Family Versus Individual Therapy 5 The Power of Family Therapy 5 2. the Evolution of family therapy 7 The Undeclared War 7 Small Group Dynamics 8 The Child Guidance Movement 11 Research on Family Dynamics and the Etiology of Schizophrenia 12 Gregory Bateson—Palo Alto 12 Theodore Lidz—Yale 13 Lyman Wynne—National Institute of Mental Health 13 Role Theorists 14 Marriage Counseling 15 From Research to Treatment: The Pioneers of Family Therapy 16 John Bell 16 Palo Alto 16 Murray Bowen 19 Nathan Ackerman 20 Contentsiv Carl Whitaker 21 Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 22 Salvador Minuchin 22 Other Early Centers of Family Therapy 23 The Golden Age of Family Therapy 24 Summary 26 rEfErEnCES 27 3. Basic techniques of family therapy 29 The Stages of Family Therapy 29 The Initial Telephone Call 29 The First Interview 30 The Early Phase of Treatment 32 The Middle Phase of Treatment 34 Termination 35 Family Assessment 36 The Presenting Problem 36 Understanding the Referral Route 37 Identifying the Systemic Context 37 Stage of the Life Cycle 38 Family Structure 38 Communication 38 Drug and Alcohol Abuse 38 Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse 39 Extramarital Affairs 39 Gender 39 Culture 40 The Ethical Dimension 41 Family Therapy with Specific Presenting Problems 43 Marital Violence 43 Sexual Abuse of Children 46 rEfErEnCES 47 4. the fundamental Concepts of family therapy 49 Cybernetics 50 Systems Theory 53 General Systems Theory 54 Social Constructionism 55 Constructivism 55 The Social Construction of Reality 56 Contents v Attachment Theory 57 The Working Concepts of Family Therapy 58 Interpersonal Context 58 Complementarity 59 Circular Causality 59 Triangles 60 Process/Content 60 Family Structure 61 Family Life Cycle 62 Family Narratives 63 Gender 64 Culture 65 Summary 66 rEfErEnCES 67 Part two: thE ClaSSiC SChoolS of family thEraPy 5. Bowen family Systems therapy 69 Evolution of the Model 70 The Basic Model 71 Differentiation of Self 71 Emotional Triangles 71 Multigenerational Emotional Processes 72 Emotional Cutoff 73 Societal Emotional Process 73 Normal Family Development 74 Development of Behavior Disorders 75 How Therapy Works 75 Therapy 76 Assessment 76 Therapeutic Techniques 79 Current Status of the Model 83 Summary 85 rEfErEnCES 87 Contentsvi 6. Strategic family therapy 89 Evolution of the Model 89 The Basic Model 91 Normal Family Development 93 Development of Behavior Disorders 93 How Therapy Works 94 Therapy 95 Assessment 95 Therapeutic Techniques 96 Current Status of the Model 104 Summary 106 rEfErEnCES 107 7. Structural family therapy 110 Evolution of the Model 111 The Basic Model 112 Normal Family Development 114 Development of Behavior Disorders 115 How Therapy Works 117 Therapy 118 Assessment 118 Therapeutic Techniques 119 Current Status of the Model 125 Summary 127 rEfErEnCES 127 8. Experiential family therapy 129 Evolution of the Model 130 The Basic Model 130 Theoretical Concepts 131 Normal Family Development 132 Development of Behavior Disorders 132 How Therapy Works 133 Therapy 133 Assessment 134 Therapeutic Techniques 134 Current Status of the Model 143 Summary 145 rEfErEnCES 145 Contents vii 9. Psychoanalytic family therapy 148 Evolution of the Model 149 The Basic Model 150 Freudian Drive Psychology 151 Self Psychology 151 Object Relations Theory 151 Normal Family Development 152 Development of Behavior Disorders 153 How Therapy Works 155 Therapy 156 Assessment 156 Therapeutic Techniques 157 Current Status of the Model 162 Summary 163 rEfErEnCES 163 10. Cognitive-Behavioral family therapy 166 Evolution of the Model 166 The Basic Model 168 Normal Family Development 168 Development of Behavior Disorders 169 How Therapy Works 171 Therapy 171 Behavioral Parent Training 171 Behavioral Couples Therapy 175 The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Family Therapy 178 Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction 183 Current Status of the Model 184 Summary 185 rEfErEnCES 187 Part thrEE: rECEnt dEvEloPmEntS in family thEraPy 11. family therapy in the twenty-first Century 190 Erosion of Boundaries 190 Postmodernism 191 The Feminist Critique 191 Contentsviii Feminist Family Therapy 192 Social Constructionism and the Narrative Revolution 195 Family Violence 196 Multiculturalism 196 Race 197 Poverty and Social Class 198 Gay and Lesbian Rights 198 Advances in Neuroscience 199 Spirituality 201 Tailoring Treatment to Populations and Problems 201 Single-Parent Families 202 African American Families 204 Gay and Lesbian Families 206 Sex and the Internet 209 Home-Based Services 212 Psychoeducation and Medical Family Therapy 214 Psychoeducation and Schizophrenia 214 Medical Family Therapy 216 Relationship Enrichment Programs 216 Summary 217 rEfErEnCES 220 12. Solution-focused therapy 225 Accentuating the Positive 225 Evolution of the Model 225 The Basic Model 226 Normal Family Development 227 Development of Behavior Disorders 227 How Therapy Works 227 Therapy 228 Assessment 228 Therapeutic Techniques 230 Current Status of the Model 238 Summary 239 rEfErEnCES 240 Contents ix 13. Narrative Therapy 243 Evolution of the Model 244 The Basic Model 245 Normal Family Development 246 Development of Behavior Disorders 246 How Therapy Works 247 Therapy 248 Assessment 248 Therapeutic Techniques 249 Current Status of the Model 254 Summary 256 refereNCeS 257 ParT four: The evaluaTioN of family TheraPy 14. Comparative analysis 259 Theoretical Formulations 259 Families as Systems 259 Stability and Change 261 Process/Content 261 Monadic, Dyadic, and Triadic Models 261 Boundaries 263 Normal Family Development 263 Development of Behavior Disorders 264 Inflexible Systems 264 Pathologic Triangles 265 Therapy 266 Assessment 266 Decisive Interventions 266 Integrative Models 269 Eclecticism 269 Selective Borrowing 269 Specially Designed Integrative Models 270 Models Designed for Specific Clinical Problems 275 Community Family Therapy 277 Summary 278 refereNCeS 280 Contentsx 15. research on family intervention 282 Research and Practice: Worlds Apart 282 Methodological Challenges in Studying the Effectiveness of Family Therapy 283 Research Findings on the Effectiveness of Family-Focused Interventions 284 Family Interventions for Childhood Problems 284 Family Interventions for Adult Disorders 286 Family Interventions for Relationship Difficulties 287 Family Therapy Process Research 288 The Therapeutic Alliance 289 Critical Change Events in Family Therapy 290 Future Directions 292 rEfErEnCES 292 appendix a Chapter-by-Chapter recommended readings 298 appendix B Selected readings in family therapy 303 Photo Credits 305 index 306

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