لایب سان

Author(s): Michael Intal Magcamit (auth.)

Series: International Political Economy Series

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan, Year: 2016

ISBN: 978-3-319-38814-4,978-3-319-38815-1

xi 1 Small Powers and the Security Utility of Trade 1 Trade as a Security Currency for Small Powers 1 Linking Security and Trade: The Story so Far 5 Defining Security: A Case for Cohabitative Security 9 The Referents of Cohabitative Security 9 The Scope of Cohabitative Security 15 The Security-Trade Linking (STL) Process 23 Investigating The Small Powers’ STL Efforts, Strategies and Outcomes 27 Organization of the Book 31 Notes 35 2 Regional Linking of Security and Trade: ‘APEC Way’ Versus ‘ASEAN Way’ 39 Tracing The Roots of Security-Trade Linkages in East Asia 39 Evolving Trade Patterns and The Rise of New Security Threats 40 A Lethargic Multilateral Trade System and A Dynamic Security Realm 41 Multidimensional Security Issues and The Rush to Preferential Trade 43 Asian Financial Crisis and The New Security-Trade Linkages 46 Strategic Security Issues and The Use of Preferential FTAs 49 contents xii CONTENTS Regional Linking of Security and Trade in East Asia 50 APEC’s Security-Trade Linkages: Boon or Bane? 50 ASEAN’s Security-Trade Linkages: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air? 56 Conclusions 63 Notes 63 3 Trading in Shadows: Investigating Taiwan’s Statist Linkages 67 Taiwan’s Shrinking Sovereign Space and Trade Activities 67 Cross-Strait Security Paradox and Taiwan’s Statist Linking Strategy 69 Trading in Shadows: Taiwan’s Statist Security Interests and Trade 71 Securing Taiwan’s de Facto Sovereign Space via Multilateral Trade 71 Securing Taiwan’s de Facto Sovereign Space via Preferential Trade 77 Limits to Taiwan’s Statist Security-Trade Linkages 83 Limits of Domestic Institutional Mechanisms 83 Limits of Nationalist Rhetoric and Agenda 85 Limits of Export-Oriented Economy 89 Limits of Cross-Strait Economic Pacifism 92 Conclusions 95 Notes 97 4 Trading in Paranoia: Investigating Singapore’s Statist Linkages 99 Singapore’s Shrinking Defense Space and Trade Activities 99 Security Complex and Singapore’s Statist Linking Strategy 102 Trading in Paranoia: Singapore’s Statist Security Interests and Trade 104 Securing Singapore’s Defense Space via Multilateral Trade 104 Securing Singapore’s Defense Space via Preferential Trade 109 Limits to Singapore’s Statist Security-Trade Linkages 117 Limits of Deterrence Strategy 118 Limits of Alliance and Alignment Strategy 120 CONTENTS xiii Limits of PAP-Centric Security Framework 122 Limits of Elitist Nation Building 126 Conclusions 128 Notes 129 5 Trading in Vain: Investigating the Philippines’ Humanist Linkages 133 The Philippines’ Shrinking Development Space and Trade Activities 133 Uneven Economic Security and the Philippines’ Humanist Linkages 136 Trading in Vain: the Philippines’ Humanist Security Interests and Trade 138 A Catalyst for Development-Oriented Security? 138 Rewards, Punishments and Failures 141 Limits to the Philippines’ Humanist Linkages 148 Limits of Patrimonial Democratization 148 Limits of Patrimonial Administrations 150 Limits of Oligarch-Biased Development Policies 158 Limits of Patronage-Based Bureaucracy 161 Conclusions 163 Notes 164 6 Trading in Bias: Investigating Malaysia’s Humanist Linkages 169 Malaysia’s Shrinking Diversity Space and Trade Activities 169 Domestic Security Dilemma and Malaysia’s Humanist Linkages 171 Trading in Bias: Linking Malaysia’s Humanist Security Interests and Trade 173 Fuelling Bumiputera Affirmation 173 Affirmative Policies in Action: A Blessing or A Curse? 177 Limits to Malaysia’s Humanist Linkages 185 Economic Limits of Bumiputera Affirmation 185 Political Limits of Bumiputera Affirmation 188 Limits of the Barisan’s Ideological Security Constructs 191 Limits of the Barisan’s Material Security Constructs 195 Conclusions 197 Notes 199 xiv CONTENTS 7 Small Powers and Trading Security: Lessons and Outlooks 203 When Small Players Play the Big Game 203 Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches: A Synopsis 205 Establishing the Operative Definition of Security 205 Making Sense of the Security-Trade Linkage Process 206 Findings from the Case Studies: Lessons from East Asia 208 Regional Linking of Security and Trade 208 Domestic Linking of Security and Trade 210 Themes of Small Powers’ Linkages: the East Asian Perspective 217 High Levels of Internal and External Insecurities 217 Marginal Geo-Economic Size and Peripheral Geopolitical Position 219 Multidimensional and Multidirectional Security Contexts and Threats 221 Trading Security: Final Words 222 Notes 224 Bibliography 225 Index 257

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