لایب سان

Ebook details:
عنوان: Self-Control and Crime Over the Life Course
نویسنده: Carter H. Hay, Ryan C. Meldrum
ناشر: SAGE Publications, Inc; 1 edition (March 26, 2015)
زبان: English
شابک: 1483358992, 978-1483358994
حجم: 3 Mb
فرمت: Epub + Converted pdf

Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction A Definition of Self-Control An Integrative Approach A Life Course Approach Connecting Self-Control to Other Causes of Behavior Attention to Public Policy Connecting the Science of Self-Control to the Stories We Read About Every Day Conclusion Discussion Questions 2. Theories of Self-Control and Behavior The Inextricable Connection Between Theory and Fact Explaining Crime: Gottfredson and Hirschi’s Self-Control Theory Evaluating Gottfredson and Hirschi’s Self-Control Theory A Psychological, Trait-Based Theory of Self-Control Biosocial Approaches to Behavior The Strength Model: Self-Control as a Depletable Resource Conclusion Discussion Questions 3. What Are the Consequences of Low Self-Control? The Marshmallow Experiments A Quick Note on the Measurement of Self-Control Research on Low Self-Control and Crime The Everyday Consequences of Low Self-Control Low Self-Control and Criminal Victimization Low Self-Control, Academic Achievement, and Financial Success Low Self-Control and Interpersonal Relationships Low Self-Control, Health, and Well-Being Policy Implications and Possibilities Conclusion Discussion Questions 4. Infancy and Childhood: What Are the Causes of Self-Control Early in Life? The Role of Parents in Shaping Self-Control Research With Very Young Children Parent Effects, Child Effects, and Reciprocality The Intergenerational Transmission of Self-Control Summary on Parenting and Self-Control The Genetic Underpinnings of Self-Control The Role of Specific Genes, Gene × Environment Interactions Neurobiological Influences on Self-Control Policy Implications and Possibilities Conclusion Discussion Questions 5. Adolescence and Adulthood: Is Self-Control Stable Over Time? Stability and Change in Self-Control Why Does Self-Control Often Remain Stable? Persistent Individual Traits as Contributors to Self-Control Stability Persistent Environmental Characteristics: Parenting and Peers Persistent Environmental Characteristics: The Stability of Poverty State Dependence as a Contributor to Self-Control Stability An Implicit Idea: Human Agency Empirical evidence on explanations for stability Policy implications and possibilities Conclusion Discussion questions 6. What Leads to Self-Control Change? The Pervasiveness of Change The Transformations of Adolescence The Adolescent Maturity Gap The Neuroscience of the Evolving Adolescent Brain The Varied Experience of Adolescence Unexpected Shifts in Social Environments and Relationships Unexpected Changes With Parents Unexpected Peer Associations Unexpected Developments at School Changes Associated With Marriage Employment as a Turning Point Discovering (or Rediscovering) Religion Human Agency Revisited Sleeping, Eating, and Substance Use: Short-Term Fluctuations in Self-Control Policy Implications and Possibilities Conclusion Discussion Questions 7. Do the Harmful Effects of Low Self-Control Vary Across Different Circumstances? Conditional Causation and Low Self-Control: Conceptual Issues Criminal Opportunity Association With Delinquent Peers Social Bonds Neighborhood Disadvantage Weak Moral Values Considering Self-Control as a Moderator Variable Can Self-Control Moderate the Effects of Self-Control? Policy Implications and Possibilities Conclusion Discussion Questions 8. Self-Control and Crime Over the Life Course: Bringing It All Together The Causes of Initial Self-Control Differences in the First Decade of Life The Prenatal Period and Infancy The Toddler Years and Early Childhood Diagramming These Arguments The Child Grows Into an Adolescent The Link Between Childhood and Adolescent Self-Control The Process for Self-Control Change The Adolescent Grows Into an Adult Extending the Model Later Into Adulthood Moderated Effects Across the Entire Life Course Moderated Effects and “Strong” Environments Interactive Relationships Between State and Trait Self-Control Conclusion Discussion Questions 9. Self-Control and Crime: Influencing Policy and Looking to the Future Self-Control as a Driver of Societal Advance Using Policy to Promote Self-Control Over the Life Course The Prenatal Period The Toddler and Childhood Years Adolescence Adulthood Community-Based Programs Relevant to All Stages of the Life Course Evidence of Program Success Concluding Thoughts Discussion Questions References Index About the Authors

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