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  3. دانلود کتاب Insolvent trading and fraudulent trading in Australia : regulation and context - Original PDF
Insolvent trading and fraudulent trading in Australia : regulation and context - Original PDF

دانلود کتاب Insolvent trading and fraudulent trading in Australia : regulation and context - Original PDF

Author: John V. Gooley; Mitchell Gooley; CCH Australia Limited,

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Separate legal personality was firmly enunciated by the House of Lords in Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] AC 22; [1895–9] All ER Rep 33. In that case, Aron Salomon had traded successfully on his own as a leather merchant and wholesale boot manufacturer for a number of years. At the time, the Companies Act 1862 (UK) required seven subscribers before a company could be formed. Aron Salomon was keen to have a company structure take over his business and, so as to satisfy the statutory requirement, Aron Salomon, his wife, and four sons and one daughter who were all adults each subscribed for one share in a proposed company to be called ‘Aron Salomon and Company Limited’. The company had a nominal capital of £40,000 divided into 40,000 shares of £1 each. Shortly after registration, the new company took over Aron Salomon’s business. The principal motive was ‘to extend the business and make provision for his family’: at 48. The price for the business was extravagant as it amounted to over £39,000 and was a sum which was described by Lord Macnaghten (at 49) as ‘a sum which represented the sanguine expectations of a fond owner rather than anything that can be called a businesslike or reasonable estimate of value’. The purchase money was paid in the following way: as money came in, sums amounting in all to £30,000 were paid to Aron Salomon and then immediately returned to the company in exchange for fully paid shares

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The company as a separate legal entity 2.4 A company is an artificial legal entity which enjoys rights and is subject to duties and obligations. It can comprise a number of members, both natural and non-natural persons. The company is also a separate legal entity from the persons who become associated in consequence of the formation or who become its members. It is the creation of the legal entity that makes it possible for members to obtain limited liability8 in the sense that their personal assets will not be exposed beyond any amount owing on their shares in the event that the company of which they are a member is wound up. In Repatriation Commission v Harrison (1997) 24 ACSR 711, Tamberlin J stated the following (at 715): The separate legal existence and identity of corporate entities from that of their shareholders and corporators or directors is well-settled in corporations law and, subject to limited exceptions, it currently represents the law of Australia. See Walker v Wimborne [1976] HCA 7; (1976) 137 CLR 1 at 6–7 per Mason J; Industrial Equity Ltd v Blackburn [1977] HCA 59; (1977) 137 CLR 567, and Briggs v James Hardie & Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 at 57

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شرکت به عنوان یک شخصیت حقوقی جداگانه 2.4 شرکت یک شخصیت حقوقی مصنوعی است که از حقوق برخوردار است و مشمول وظایف و تعهداتی است. می تواند شامل تعدادی عضو اعم از اشخاص حقیقی و غیر حقیقی باشد. شرکت همچنین یک شخص حقوقی مجزا از اشخاصی است که در نتیجه تشکیل شرکت می کنند یا به عضویت آن در می آیند. ایجاد شخصیت حقوقی است که امکان کسب مسئولیت محدود را برای اعضا فراهم می‌کند، به این معنا که دارایی‌های شخصی آن‌ها بیش از هر مبلغی که بابت سهام آن‌ها بدهکار است، در صورت آسیب دیدگی شرکتی که عضو آن هستند، در معرض دید قرار نمی‌گیرد. بالا در کمیسیون بازگشت به کشور علیه هریسون (1997) 24 ACSR 711، تامبرلین جی موارد زیر را بیان کرد (در 715): وجود قانونی و هویت مجزای نهادهای شرکتی از سهامداران و شرکت‌ها یا مدیران آن‌ها به خوبی در حقوق شرکت‌ها ثابت شده است. به استثنای محدود، در حال حاضر نماینده قانون استرالیا است. رجوع کنید به Walker v Wimborne [1976] HCA 7; (1976) 137 CLR 1 در 6-7 در هر Mason J; Industrial Equity Ltd v Blackburn [1977] HCA 59; (1977) 137 CLR 567، و بریگز علیه جیمز هاردی و شرکت Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 در 57

 

ادامه ...

Author(s): John V. Gooley; Mitchell Gooley; CCH Australia Limited,

Publisher: LexisNexis Butterworths, Year: 2016

ISBN: 9780409343922,0409343927

 

ادامه ...

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