Understanding the impact of social change on personal relationships and family lives has become one of the key concerns of sociology. China’s dra- matic social and economic transformation over the past few decades has brought about diverse effects on different aspects of people’s personal relationships and family lives. In contemporary Chinese society there is a growing diversity in family patterns accompanied by a marked decline in traditional pre-existing structures in relation to patriarchal and patrilocal family systems. Non-traditional partnerships and living arrangements, such as ‘living apart together’ (LAT) relationships (where committed cou- ples live in separate households while maintaining their intimate relation- ships), are not uncommon in China. For example, the family pattern of out-migration of men and stay-behind married women with children (if any), as a result of rural-to-urban labour mobility under the process of urbanisation and modernisation, has been documented in migration lit- erature (Fan, 2003). Due to increased educational attainment, young people stay for a longer time in education and college education can delay marriage for both men and women in China (Ji & Yeung, 2014). This leads to a considerable number of people living separately from their part- ner because of education and/or job locations
چکیده فارسی
درک تأثیر تغییرات اجتماعی بر روابط شخصی و زندگی خانوادگی به یکی از دغدغه های کلیدی جامعه شناسی تبدیل شده است. دگرگونی اجتماعی و اقتصادی چشمگیر چین در چند دهه گذشته تأثیرات مختلفی را بر جنبه های مختلف روابط شخصی و زندگی خانوادگی افراد به همراه داشته است. در جامعه معاصر چین، تنوع رو به رشدی در الگوهای خانواده همراه با کاهش قابل توجه ساختارهای سنتی از پیش موجود در رابطه با نظام های خانواده پدرسالارانه و پدرسالاری وجود دارد. شراکت های غیر سنتی و ترتیبات زندگی، مانند روابط "زندگی جدا از هم" (LAT) (جایی که زوج های متعهد در خانواده های جداگانه زندگی می کنند و در عین حال روابط صمیمی خود را حفظ می کنند)، در چین غیر معمول نیست. به عنوان مثال، الگوی خانوادگی مهاجرت مردان و زنان متاهل دارای فرزند (در صورت وجود)، در نتیجه تحرک نیروی کار روستایی به شهر تحت فرآیند شهرنشینی و نوسازی، در روشنایی مهاجرت ثبت شده است. - اریچر (فن، 2003). به دلیل افزایش سطح تحصیلات، جوانان برای مدت طولانی تری در تحصیل می مانند و تحصیلات دانشگاهی می تواند ازدواج را برای مردان و زنان در چین به تاخیر بیندازد (جی و یونگ، 2014). این منجر به این می شود که تعداد قابل توجهی از مردم به دلیل تحصیل و/یا موقعیت شغلی جدا از شریک زندگی خود زندگی کنند
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The phrase ‘living apart together’ and its acronym, ‘LAT’, was first used by a Dutch journalist, Michel Berkiel, who wrote an article about it in the Haagse Post in the Netherlands in 1978 (Levin, 2004). Since then, LAT has gained visibility in volume and become accepted in the field of social science study. Unfortunately, to date, it remains difficult to establish a standard definition for the term ‘living apart together relationships’ (LATs), given that scholars interpret and measure LATs differently. According to Levin and Trost (1999: 281), LAT refers to ‘a couple which does not share the same household; both of them live in their own house- holds, in which other persons might also live’. This relationship implies that people do not necessary live in the same household in order to be seen as couples (Levin, 2004). In addition, the term includes both married and non-married couples, and refers to both heterosexual and same-sex couples. However, some scholars exclude married people from LATs (Haskey, 2005; Strohm et al., 2009). In his research, Haskey (2005) stresses that LAT is a monogamous partnership in nature and reserved for non-married couples living in separate households. This research draws on the general agreement on the definition of LAT, which involves two het- erosexual individuals living in separate households while maintaining an intimate and committed couple relationship (Duncan et al., 2014).
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