Family Firms and Business Families in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Bringing Anthropology Back In - Original PDF

دانلود کتاب Family Firms and Business Families in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Bringing Anthropology Back In - Original PDF

Author: Tobias Koellner

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IntroductIon Although the topics of kinship and economy are central to anthropologi- cal analysis, few scholars have brought the two fields together by introduc- ing broader concepts or large-scale comparisons. To date, the topic is gaining importance (Hann, 2018), and there is some solid research available; however, the results remain disparate and have few links to each other. Therefore, family business researchers with a strong background in management studies currently dominate the analysis of family firms and business families. A better understanding of family business, however, remains both necessary and hard to achieve under these research trajecto- ries. Therefore, the main aim of this volume is to provide a vision of how family business research and anthropology can be brought together, in order to benefit future research in both disciplines and develop a more sophisticated understanding of family businesses themselves. The study of family business has insisted that family ownership and operation distinguishes this business form from others such as non-family corporations, because of the close interaction between kinship and busi- ness interests. Such an insistence naturally demands further specification of how the family matters, and family business research has attempted to clarify the influence of the family itself on business activities by developing concepts such as familiness (Frank et al., 2010; Habbershon & Williams, 1999; Zellweger et al., 2010), entrepreneurial legacy (Jaskiewicz et al., 2015) or socio-emotional wealth (Gómez-Mejía et al., 2007). As a result, the kinship group behind the family firm has received increasing attention in family business research in the last decade or so (Caspary, 2018; Combs et al., 2020; Jaskiewicz et al., 2017, 2020; Kleve et al., 2020; Kleve & Koellner, 2019; Koellner et al., 2022; Stamm, 2013). Nevertheless, it still is the case that some obstacles to a better under- standing of the kinship group behind the family firm remain. A first con- sideration about the direction of future research concerns the fact that family business research largely focuses its analysis on single persons and not on broader networks of kin or whole families (Jaskiewicz et al., 2017: 313). Therefore, the composition, structure and organization of the kin- ship group still remain largely neglected, as do the form and quality of these relationships (Kushins & Behounek, 2020). Here anthropology definitely can offer some insights with its detailed ethnographies on kin relations based on long-term research

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In her seminal analysis, Janet Carsten (2000: 1) applied a constructivist conceptualization in kinship studies and shifted the focus considerably: ‘Rather than taking the content of “kinship” for granted, [we] build ... [on] the implications and the lived experience of relatedness’. Herewith she draws on earlier critique on a purely biological conceptualization of kinship (Schneider, 1984; Yanagisako & Collier, 1987) and further explained, ‘Kinship may be viewed as given by birth and unchangeable, or it may be seen as shaped by the ordinary, everyday activities of family life’ (Carsten, 2004: 6). The latter understanding, in particular, is important and allows for a better conceptualization of the kinship group behind the family firm, as will be shown in the following section and throughout the volume. Recent family business research, nonetheless, tends to focus on nuclear families or conjugal families but neglects broader kinship associations and other forms of relatedness (Kushins & Behounek, 2020). However, a focus on the doing perspective is crucial for our understanding of the busi- ness family, which very often incorporates different nuclear families and larger kinship groups. In this way we are able to move beyond an under- standing of kinship as being solely based on descent or marriage, and towards an understanding that may incorporate other forms of relatedness such as care (Thelen, 2015), nurturing (El Guindi, 2020)

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در تحلیل اصلی خود، جانت کارستن (2000: 1) یک مفهوم سازی سازنده گرایانه را در مطالعات خویشاوندی به کار برد و به طور قابل توجهی تمرکز را تغییر داد: "به جای اینکه محتوای "خویشاوندی" را بدیهی بدانیم، [ما] بر روی ... ] مفاهیم و تجربه زیسته مرتبط بودن. در اینجا او از نقد قبلی بر مفهوم‌سازی صرفاً بیولوژیکی از خویشاوندی استفاده می‌کند (Schneider, 1984؛ Yanagisako & Collier, 1987) و بیشتر توضیح می‌دهد: «خویشاوندی ممکن است به‌عنوان زاده شده و غیرقابل تغییر در نظر گرفته شود، یا ممکن است به‌عنوان شکل‌گیری شده توسط عادی دیده شود. فعالیت های روزمره زندگی خانوادگی» (Carsten, 2004: 6). درک دوم، به ویژه، مهم است و امکان مفهوم سازی بهتر از گروه خویشاوندی پشت شرکت خانوادگی را فراهم می کند، همانطور که در بخش بعدی و در سراسر جلد نشان داده خواهد شد. با این وجود، تحقیقات اخیر در زمینه کسب و کار خانوادگی، بر خانواده های هسته ای یا خانواده های زناشویی متمرکز است، اما از انجمن های خویشاوندی گسترده تر و سایر اشکال مرتبط غفلت می کند (کوشینز و بهونک، 2020). با این حال، تمرکز بر چشم انداز انجام برای درک ما از خانواده تجاری، که اغلب خانواده های هسته ای مختلف و گروه های خویشاوندی بزرگتر را در بر می گیرد، بسیار مهم است. به این ترتیب ما می‌توانیم از درک خویشاوندی که صرفاً مبتنی بر نسب یا ازدواج است فراتر برویم و به سمت درکی برویم که ممکن است اشکال دیگری از ارتباط مانند مراقبت (Thelen, 2015) و پرورش (El Guindi, 2020) را در بر گیرد. )

 

ادامه ...

 After having drawn attention to a new perspective on notions of doing and kinning, let me clarify my understanding of the business family, which rests on two premises. On the one hand, this includes Carsten’s (2000) notion of relatedness, and on the other, Yanagisako’s (2018, 2019) concept of the kinship enterprise. Consequently, the efforts for conceptualizing fam- ily businesses in this volume focus on the processes of how the business family is produced and reproduced, and a relation to the business is upheld. To be sure, kin relations are still a very important basis (Kleve et al., 2020; McKinnon, 2016) for establishing binding ties and enduring bonds of relatedness. On the other hand, however, relatedness is often produced in very flexible ways. Let me add here that I differentiate between the nuclear family and the business family, although there may be considerable overlap in some cases. Moreover, let me emphasize that an understanding of the nuclear family as such does not necessarily rest on any reference to the family firm. In contrast, the business family is based on forms of relatedness, which are construed in direct relation to the family firm, its products, its origins, its founders, the family assets, the employees and other persons from the business family.

ادامه ...

ix contents Part I Introduction 1 1 An Introduction to Family Firms and Business Families from the Anthropological Perspective: Concepts, Reflections and Ethnographic Observations 3 Tobias Koellner Part II A Processual Understanding of Kinship 23 2 How ‘Enduring Family Bonds’ Are Made: Insights from Fulɓe Kinship Enterprises in Northern Benin 25 Jeannett Martin 3 Producing and Reproducing the Business Family Across Generations: The Importance of Narratives in German Business Families 57 Tobias Koellner, Britta Boyd, Heiko Kleve, and Tom A. Rüsen x CONTENTS Part III Family Business after the End of Socialism 81 4 Power, Family and Business: Practices of Oligarchic Economy in Late Soviet and Post-Soviet Armenia (Before 2018) 83 Yulia Antonyan 5 Business as a Gift: Family Entrepreneurship and the Ambiguities of Sharing 115 Daria Tereshina Part IV The Contet of Family Business 147 6 Rethinking Confucianism: Family Business and the Ritual Construction of the ‘Family’ in Japan and China 149 Sigrun C. Caspary and Carsten Herrmann-Pillath 7 Kinship, Godparenthood and Urban Estates in the Bolivian Andes: The Cultural Production of Business Families 179 Juliane Müller 8 Anthropology of Family and Family Businesses Is Emic All the Way 197 Heung Wah Wong Part V Family Business and Historical Change 221 9 The Legacy of the Past in Business Families of Northern Italy 223 Simone Ghezzi xiCONTENTS 10 Family Values, Paprika Production and E.U. Integration: An Ethnography of a Kinship Enterprise in Contemporary Hungary 245 Luca Szücs 11 The Other Side of Succession Issues: How the Decline of Some Family Businesses Allows for the Consolidation of Others 273 Tijo Salverda Part VI Concluding Remarks 293 12 Conclusion 295 Tobias Koellner 13 Afterword 305 Chris Hann Index

ادامه ...
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