لایب سان

ECONOMICS FOR MANAGEMENT; Title Page; Copyright; TABLE OF CONTENTS; ABOUT THIS CUSTOM BOOK; PART 2: Macroeconomic Analysis; 1. Chapter 11: Measuring Macroeconomic Activity; Case for Analysis: Measuring Changes in Macroeconomic Activity: Implications for Managers; Measuring Gross Domestic Product (GDP); The Circular Flow in a Mixed, Open Economy; Managerial Rule of Thumb: Spending Patterns; National Income Accounting Systems; Characteristics of GDP; Real Versus Nominal GDP; Alternative Measures of GDP; The Expenditure or Output Approach; The Income or Earnings Approach Other Important Macroeconomic VariablesPrice Level Measures; The GDP Deflator; The Consumer Price Index (CPI); The Producer Price Index (PPI); Measures of Employment and Unemployment; Managerial Rule of Thumb: Price Level and Unemployment; Major Macroeconomic Policy Issues; What Factors Influence the Spending Behavior of the Different Sectors of the Economy?; How Do Behavior Changes in These Sectors Influence the Level of Output and Income in the Economy?; Can Policy Makers Maintain Stable Prices, Full Employment, and Adequate Economic Growth over Time? How Do Fiscal, Monetary, and Balance of Payments Policies Influence the Economy?What Impact Do These Macro Changes Have on Different Firms and Industries?; Managerial Rule of Thumb: Competitive Strategies and the Macro Environment; Summary; Key Terms; Exercises; Application Questions; 2. Chapter 12: Spending by Individuals, Firms, and Governments on Real Goods and Services; Case for Analysis: Mixed Signals on the U.S. Economy in Summer 2012; Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis; Focus on the Short Run; Analysis in Real Versus Nominal Terms; Treatment of the Foreign Sector Outline for Macroeconomic AnalysisThe Components of Aggregate Expenditure; Personal Consumption Expenditure; The Relationship Between Personal Consumption Expenditure and Income; The Level of Personal Taxes; The Real Interest Rate; Consumer Confidence; Wealth; Consumer Credit; Level of Debt; The Consumption Function; Gross Private Domestic Investment Expenditure; Business Investment Spending and Real Income; The Real Interest Rate; Business Taxes; Expected Profits and Business Confidence; Business Taxes; Expected Profits and Business Confidence; Capacity Utilization Residential Investment SpendingInventory Investment; Investment Spending Function; Government Expenditure; Net Export Expenditure; Export Expenditure; Import Expenditure; Net Exports; Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Income and Output; Aggregate Expenditure; Equilibrium Level of Income and Output; Definition of Equilibrium; Simplified Illustration of Equilibrium Income and Output; Adjustment Toward Equilibrium; The Multiplier; Effect of the Interest Rate on Aggregate Expenditures; Summary; Appendix 12A Numerical Example of Equilibrium and the Multiplier

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