لایب سان

Who Are We? A Personal Introduction to Us and Our Family You can read about our professional achievements in the front of this book, but here we share some of our personal story and family connec- tions. While the system of meritocracy wants to see evidence of our quali- fications and our achievements that gives us the right to talk in the non-Indigenous world, for Indigenous Peoples it is our cultural under- standings, lived experience and family connections that give us the right to speak in our world.

xv Contents 1 Introducing Billabongs of Knowledge 1 Honouring the Ancestors 2 Who This Book Is for 2 Who Are We? A Personal Introduction to Us and Our Family 3 What Is the Story Behind This Book? 6 How Is This Book Different? 9 Why ‘Billabongs of Knowledge’? 10 How Are the Chapters in the Book Structured? 11 About Each Chapter 12 Chapter 2: The Lay of the Land 12 Chapter 3: The Journey Towards Cultural Safety: Cultural Safety in Trauma-Informed Practice from an Indigenous Perspective 12 Chapter 4: Yarning at the Campsite: Understanding Trauma 13 Chapter 5: Sharing Trauma Knowledge: Types of Trauma 13 Chapter 6: Yarning about Racial Trauma 13 Chapter 7: Sharing Practice Knowledge 14 Chapter 8: Compassion Fatigue, Vicarious Trauma and Self-care 14 Chapter 9: Culture and Healing 15 xvi Contents 2 The Lay of the Land 17 Introduction 18 Acknowledging Australia’s First Nations Peoples 18 The Culture of the Book 20 We Privilege an Indigenous Perspective 21 We Take a Strengths-Based Approach 21 We Emphasise Self-Care Throughout the Journey 22 We Take an Aboriginal ‘Yarning’ Approach to Sharing Knowledge 22 Checking-in, Checking out 25 Emotions and the Body 26 The Role of ‘Grounding’ Exercises 31 Self-Reflection as a Skill 32 Understanding How You Build Your Knowledge System 33 The Social and Emotional Wellbeing Wheel 35 Concluding Comments 38 References and Further Reading 38 3 Towards Cultural Safety: Cultural Safety in Trauma- Informed Practice from an Indigenous Perspective 43 An Indigenous Perspective on Cultural Safety 46 Defining Cultural Safety: A Continuum of Practices 47 Cultural Safety Requires a Trauma Lens 54 Know Your Own Cultural Worldview 54 Concluding Comments 57 References and Further Reading 60 4 Yarning at the Campsite: Understanding Trauma 65 Introduction 66 Circles of Knowledge and Connection 67 What Is Trauma? 69 The DSM Definition of Trauma 71 First Nations Peoples and the DSM 71 Trauma and Neuroscience 73 Structure of the Brain 75 xviiContents A Simple Model of Brain Structure: The ‘Triune Brain’ (Fig. 4.3) 75 Model of Brain Structure with Amygdala and Hippocampus (Fig. 4.4) 77 Responses to Threat: Befriend, Fight, Flight or Freeze 78 Window of Tolerance 80 What Does the Threat Response Look Like in Young Children? 82 The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System 85 What Do You Do When You Can’t Fight Back? 88 Polyvagal Theory and the Vagus Nerve 90 Polyvagal Theory and the Threat Response 92 The Impact of Early Traumatic Experiences 95 The ACE Study 95 Attachment Theory 97 Attachment Styles 99 Attachment in Individualist Cultures Vs. Collective Cultures 101 Concluding Comments 105 References and Further Reading 106 5 Sharing Trauma Knowledge: Types of Trauma 113 Introduction 114 Why Categorise Trauma? 115 Single Incident Trauma 116 Developmental Trauma 117 The Body Remembers 119 The Impact of Developmental Trauma on Language Development 120 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 122 Triggering and Retriggering Explained 123 Trauma Brain Images 124 Complex Trauma 126 Intergenerational Trauma and Epigenetics 127 Institutional Trauma 131 Institutional Trauma at the Kinchela Boys Home 132 xviii Contents Collective Trauma 134 Historical Trauma 136 Environmental Trauma 143 Want to Know More About Environmental Trauma? 143 Concluding Comments 148 References and Further Reading 149 6 Yarning About Racial Trauma 159 Introduction 160 Notice Your Reactions 161 What Is Racism? 162 Racism as a Fear Response 163 Why We Don’t Talk About Racism 164 The Impact of Everyday Racism 166 Everyday Racism Is Bad for Your Health 166 Everyday Racism Is Isolating 168 Everyday Racism Dehumanises and ‘Others’ You 168 Everyday Racial Trauma: Racial Microaggressions 170 Micro Assaults 171 Micro Insults 172 Micro Invalidations 174 Common Themes of Microaggressions 175 Responses to Microaggressions 178 Overt and Covert Racism 179 Meritocracy and Intergenerational Privilege 182 Covert Racism Reinforced by Ongoing Colonisation 184 Native Title, Land Rights and Stolen Generations 185 Cultural Load 188 Tips for Allies 190 Concluding Comments 192 References and Further Reading 193 7 Sharing Practice Knowledge: Trauma-Informed Practice 199 Introduction 200 Decolonising Practice: The Social and Emotional Wellbeing Wheel 201 xixContents Decolonising Practice: Circles of Knowledge and Connection 203 The Five Rs of Trauma-Informed Care 204 The FEAR Rubric 206 F is for Fear Extinction 206 E is for Emotional Regulation 206 A is for Attentional Bias and Cognitive Distortion 207 R is for Relational Dysfunction 208 Culturally Safe, Trauma-Informed Practice Principles 209 Safety 210 Trustworthiness 211 Collaboration 212 Choice 213 Empowerment 214 Culture 215 Concluding Comments 215 References and Further Reading 217 8 The Cost of Caring: Vicarious Trauma and Compassion Fatigue 221 Introduction 222 Responding to Trauma Stories: Empathy or Sympathy? 223 Vicarious Trauma: Not If, But When 225 Vicarious PTSD 226 Compassion Fatigue 227 Burnout 227 Warning Signs of and Risk Factors for Compassion Fatigue and Vicarious Trauma 228 What Helps Minimise Vicarious Trauma and Compassion Fatigue? 231 Compassion Satisfaction 231 Workplace Support 232 Connection 232 The 5th R: Replenish 233 Self-Care as Ethical Imperative 233 Everyday Self-Care Minimises Everyday Exposure to Trauma 234 xx Contents Listening to Your Body 235 Making Time for Your Support Systems 236 Setting Boundaries 237 Planning Time for You 238 Nurturing Your Spirit 238 Sleeping or Resting? 238 Concluding Comments 239 References and Further Reading 240 9 Billabong of Culture and Healing 243 Introduction 244 Culture and Identity 244 A Story of Culture and Identity 245 Symbiotic Relationships 246 How Culture Heals 248 Water Music 248 Rituals, Dance, Story and Songlines 250 Weaving as a Protective Factor 251 Culture in Self-Care 252 Privileging Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Knowledge Systems 254 Respecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Strengths 257 Connection to Country 258 The Dreaming and Creation 259 Language and Culture 260 Dadirri and Yarning 262 Collective Healing 263 Collective Healing Programs 264 Driven by Local Leadership 265 Have a Developed Theory and Evidence Base 266 Proactive, Rather Than Reactive 267 Developed to Address Local Issues in Community 267 xxiContents Understanding Traditional Healing 269 The 6Rs of Culturally Responsive Practice: The Damulgurra Program Model 273 Concluding Comments 275 References and Further Reading 276 Index 281

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