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2 Keywords Exposure therapy · Anxiety · Posttraumatic stress disorder · Obsessive- compulsive disorder · In vivo exposure · Imaginal exposure · Interoceptive exposure Introduction Exposure therapy is a widely utilized and researched psychological intervention for the treatment of anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). This Clinical Guide to Exposure Therapy: Anxiety and Beyond aims to complement the existing resources guiding therapists in the use and personalization of exposure therapy for the treatment of anxiety disor- ders by providing evidence-based clinical guidance for adapting and tailoring tradi- tional exposure therapy principles and strategies to serve the multitude of clinically diverse patients who may benefit from it. Specifically, the chapters that follow will describe using exposure therapy with four different sets of clinical populations: (1) anxiety disorder populations with mental health comorbidities (e.g., substance use disorders, psychosis), (2) anxiety disorder populations with physical health comor- bidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease, asthma) or distinct physical states (e.g., preg- nancy), (3) distinct developmental populations with anxiety disorders (e.g., children, older adults), and (4) clinical populations with problems outside of anxiety disorders that may benefit from exposure-based treatment (e.g., depression, eating disorders). As such, our aim for Chap. 1 is to set the stage for the chapters that follow by providing a brief overview of the history and the evidence base underlying exposure therapy’s use in the treatment of anxiety disorders. We also include an overview of how exposure therapy is used to treat anxiety disorders, what it targets, and how to implement it with a patient. The focus of this chapter is to provide the reader with a review of the traditional application of exposure therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders to aid in the reader’s understanding of the adaptations presented in later chapters. As the scope of this chapter is limited to a brief overview, readers unfamil- iar with exposure therapy are encouraged to consult other works (Abramowitz et al., 2019; Smits et al., 2019) to obtain a more detailed foundational understanding of the traditional application and personalization of exposure therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

v Contents 1 The Basics of Exposure Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Jolene Jacquart, Jonathan Abramowitz, Joanna Arch, Jürgen Margraf, and Jasper A. J. Smits Section I Populations with Anxiety and Mental Health Comorbidities 2 Exposure for Multiple Anxiety Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Kathleen E. Stewart and Martin M. Antony 3 Exposure in the Context of Health Anxiety: Considerations for Assessment, Case Conceptualization, and Intervention . . . . . . . . 51 Thomas A. Fergus, Steven Taylor, and Gordon J. G. Asmundson 4 Exposure Therapy when Patients Present with Comorbid Depression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Jonathan D. Huppert and Hila Sorka 5 Exposure Therapy when Patients Present with Comorbid Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Logan R. Harvey, Tanya C. Saraiya, Katherine L. Mills, Delisa G. Brown, Amber M. Jarnecke, Sudie E. Back, and Lexine A. Stapinski 6 Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Among Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder . . . . . 109 Lindsey N. Landry, Rebecca J. Clayton, Morgan M. Mcneel, Andrew Guzick, Leandra N. Berry, Sophie C. Schneider, and Eric A. Storch 7 Exposure Therapy When Patients Present with Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Melanie S. Harned, Natalia M. Garcia, and Trevor N. Coyle vi 8 Exposure Therapy When Patients Present with PTSD and a Comorbid Psychotic Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wilson J. Brown and Anouk L. Grubaugh Section II Populations with Anxiety and Physical Health Comorbidities 9 Treating Anxiety Disorders in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: How to Formulate Exposure Therapy When Anxiety Mimics the Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Phillip J. Tully, Susanne S. Pedersen, Susanne M. Cosh, and Guillaume Foldes-Busque 10 Exposure Therapy when Patients Present with Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Juliet Kroll and Alicia E. Meuret 11 Exposure Therapy with Patients Who Are Pregnant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Fiona L. Challacombe and Megan A. Jansen Section III Distinct Developmental Populations with Anxiety Disorders 12 Applying Exposure Therapy with Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Silvia Schneider, Verena Pflug, and Kristen L. Lavallee 13 Applying Exposure Therapy with Older Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Simon Forstmeier and Jan Ochel Section IV Clinical Populations with Problems Outside of Anxiety Disorders 14 Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders . . . 261 R. Kathryn McHugh, Jesse D. Kosiba, and Alexandra R. Chase 15 Using Exposure Therapy for Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Carolyn Black Becker, Nicholas R. Farrell, and Glenn Waller 16 Exposure Exercises for Overeating, Binge Eating, and Obesity . . . . . 299 Kerri N. Boutelle, Dawn M. Eichen, and Nicole E. Virzi 17 The Application of Exposure Principles to the Treatment of Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Adele M. Hayes, Carly Yasinski, and Elizabeth Alpert Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

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