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The year 2018 was nothing but exceptional because domestically, it coincided with the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening-up, which started in 1978, and the 120th anniversary of the Hundred Days of Reform of 1898, and globally, it coincided with the 170th anniversary of the publication of the Communist Manifesto in 1848 and the 200th anniversary of Karl Marx’s birth in 1818. To look back at the past 40 years of reform and opening-up and look forward to the future when China’s Two Centenary Goals will be achieved, the country should see the reform and opening-up from the perspective of history and global affairs, which corresponds with President Xi Jinping’s speech commemorating the anniversary of Marx’s birth on May 4, 2018: “It is only by considering the long course of human history that we can gain a perspective on the essence of historical movements and the direction of contemporary developments.” Xi Jinping stated that through reform and opening-up, “Chinese Communists have been merging the tenets of Marxism with the practical realities of the reform and opening-up. Chinese Communists brought the people together in developing the great new endeavor of socialism with Chinese characteristics, enabling China to take big strides to catch up with the times. Thus, they brought about the tremendous transfor- mation of China: from having gained independence to becoming wealthy.” Indeed, the only viable way to understand the relevance of China’s reform and opening-up is to understand what the phrases “the practical realities” in China and “to take big strides to catch up with the times” mean. China’s 40 years of reform and opening-up is a process from gaining independence to becoming prosperous. In history, however, prior to gaining independence, China “woke up”; after “becoming prosperous”, China will become powerful. We may say that the process of China’s reform is a process from waking up, gaining independence, to becoming prosperous and becoming powerful. The significance of such a process is obvious only when seen from a global perspective