لایب سان

Year: 2005

ISBN: 0335216048,9780335216048,9780335224708

Contents List of figures xi Notes on the authors xii Preface xiii Foreword xvi Acknowledgements – Rudi Dallos xix Dedication and acknowledgements – Ros Draper xx Introduction 1 Experiences of systemic and family therapy 2 A family’s view 2 Two therapists’ views 4 What is the ‘family’? 6 The family life cycle 8 Allowing the family a voice 10 The organizing framework of this book 12 Key texts offering a historical overview of systemic and family therapy 16 1 The first phase – 1950s to mid-1970s 17 Cultural landscape 17 Influential people and ideas 18 Seeds of systemic and family therapy 18 Systemic thinking – from intrapsychic to interpersonal 23 Systems theory – biological analogy 24 Emergent properties of a system 25 Circularities 25 Triads, triangulation and conflict detouring 28 Rules, pattern and process 31 Feedback 31 Family coordination through communication 32 Double-bind concept 32 Meta-communication 33 Open and closed systems 34 Family homeostasis 35 Family life cycle 36 Practice 38 Structural family therapy 38 Beliefs and structures 39 Therapeutic orientations 40 Directive stance 41 Strategic family therapy 44 Beliefs and premises 47 Strategic tasks 49 Commentary 51 Gender and shifting inequalities of power 52 Normative assumptions of life cycle models 54 Key texts 55 Skill guides 56 Family sculpting 56 Family tree and time line 58 Reframing 61 2 The second phase – mid-1970s to mid-1980s 63 Cultural landscape 63 Influential people and ideas 65 Second-order cybernetics 65 Meta-communication 67 Communication 68 The person as private ‘biosphere’ 71 Intention 71 Beliefs and actions in triads 72 Ecological perspective – multiple systems 73 Observing systems 74 Practice 74 Hypothesizing 74 Reframing 75 Co-construction of shared histories 77 An introduction to family therapyvi Commentary 78 Moral and political implications 78 Power 80 Milan approaches 80 Positive connotation 81 Key texts 82 Skill guides 84 Teamwork 84 Hypothesizing 85 Positive connotation 87 Circular questioning 88 Transformational change 89 3 The third phase – mid-1980s to 2000 91 Cultural landscape 91 Theoretical perspectives 92 Connections and links to the second and first phases of systemic family therapy 94 Influential people and ideas 96 View of the person – construction of experience 99 Practice 103 Brief solution-focused therapy 104 Reflecting teams 106 Narrative therapies 107 Externalizing problems 108 Writing 110 Feminist therapies 110 Power and the construction of reality 111 Culturally available stories 112 Commentary – feminist orientations 114 Key texts 116 Skill guides 118 Consultation 118 Externalizing the problem 119 Collaborative inquiry 121 Reflecting processes 123 Contents vii 4 Ideas that keep knocking on the door: emotions, attachments and systems 125 Introduction 125 Emotions and the first phase of family therapy 1950s to mid 1970s 128 Triangulation 129 The double-bind 129 Attachment theory 131 Emotions and the second phase of family therapy 133 Attachment theory: the move to internal representations 133 Attachment styles and couples’ dynamics 135 Emotions in couples’ interactions 137 Emotions and the third phase of family therapy 140 The language of emotions 141 Integration with psychoanalytic thinking 144 Key texts 148 5 Systemic formulation 151 Cultural landscape 151 Systemic theory: assessment and formulation 153 The first phase 154 The second phase – progressive hypothesizing 155 The third phase 156 Example of systemic formulation 159 Genograms 159 The referral 161 Deconstructing the problems 161 Contextual factors 162 Beliefs and explanations 163 Problem-maintaining patterns and feedback loops 163 Emotions and attachments 164 Synthesis 165 Formulations: Mary and Janet 165 Commentary 167 Key texts 168 Skill guide 169 Systemic formulation 169 An introduction to family therapyviii 6 Current practice development 2000–2005: conversations across the boundaries of models 172 Cultural landscape 172 Practice 173 Working with addictions 174 Working with post-divorce processes and contact disputes 181 Work in forensic contexts 187 Commentary 193 Formulation 193 Contexts 194 Patterns and processes 194 Multiple models 195 Key texts 196 7 Research and evaluation 198 Introduction 198 Why conduct research? 199 Science, research and systemic therapy 202 Varieties of research 204 Evaluation research: does family therapy work? 207 Group comparison evaluative studies 209 Evaluative case studies 213 Observational studies 214 Questionnaire and self-report studies 216 Therapy process research 217 A therapeutic process study 217 In-depth single case process study 218 Exploring the experience of family therapy 219 Family theory research 222 A participant observational study 222 Interview studies 223 A conjoint interview study 224 Case study series 225 Discussion and reflections 226 Key texts 227 Varieties of research 227 Family therapy outcome studies 228 Contents ix 8 Reflections and critique 2005 231 Current state of the art 233 Crystal ball gazing 236 Developmental perspectives 236 Review and summary 237 Integrations 238 Postscripts 240 Topic reading lists 256 Formats for exploration 290 Glossary of terms 305 British texts 310 References 315 Index 327

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