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Ebook details:
عنوان: Writing Research Papers A Complete Guide (Spiral Version) (9780134519029)
نویسنده: James D. Lester (Deceased), James D. Lester Jr.
ناشر: PEAHE; 16th edition (February 18, 2017)
زبان: English
شابک: 0134519027, 978-0134519029
حجم: 23 Mb
فرمت: Epub

Writing Research Papers A Complete Guide Contents Preface to the Instructor What Is New in This Edition? Key Features Additional Resources for Instructors and Students Chapter 1 Writing from Research Goals and Outcomes 1a Why Do Research? 1b Learning the Conventions of Academic Writing 1c Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism 1d Understanding a Research Assignment Understanding the Terminology Evaluation Interpretation Definition Proposal Causal Argument Comparison, Including Analogy Precedence Implications 1e Establishing a Research Schedule Chapter 2 Finding a Topic Goals and Outcomes 2a Relating Your Personal Ideas to a Scholarly Problem Connecting Personal Experience to Scholarly Topics Speculating about Your Subject to Discover Ideas and to Focus on the Issues Free Writing Listing Keywords Arranging Keywords into a Rough Outline Clustering Narrowing by Comparison Asking Questions 2b Talking with Others to Refine the Topic Personal Interviews and Discussions Online Discussion Groups 2c Using Online Searches to Refine Your Topic Using an Online Subject Directory Using an Internet Keyword Search 2d Using the Library’s Electronic Databases to Find and Narrow a Topic 2e Using the Library’s Electronic Book Catalog to Find a Topic 2f Developing a Thesis Statement, Enthymeme, or Hypothesis Thesis Enthymeme Hypothesis 2g Drafting a Research Proposal The Short Proposal The Long Proposal Charting Your Research Project Chapter 3 Organizing Ideas and Setting Goals Goals and Outcomes 3a Using a Basic Order to Chart the Course of Your Work 3b Using Your Research Proposal to Direct Your Notetaking 3c Listing Key Terms and Phrases to Set Directions for Notetaking 3d Writing a Rough Outline 3e Using Questions to Identify Issues 3f Setting Goals by Using Organizational Patterns 3g Using Approaches across the Curriculum to Chart Your Ideas 3h Using Your Thesis to Chart the Direction of Your Research Arrangement by Issues Arrangement by Cause/Effect Arrangement by Interpretation and Evaluation Arrangement by Comparison Charting Your Research Project Chapter 4 Gathering Sources Online Goals and Outcomes 4a Beginning an Online Search 4b Reading an Online Address 4c Using Keyword and Boolean Expressions Subject Directory Search Engines Robot-Driven Search Engines Metasearch Engines Specialized Search Engines Educational Search Engines Educational Search Engines Maintained by Libraries 4d Using RSS and Social Bookmarking RSS Feeds Web 2.0 and Social Bookmarking 4e Searching for Articles in Journals and Magazines Online Journals Online Magazines 4f Searching for Articles in Newspapers and Media Sources 4g Searching for Photographs and Other Visual Sources 4h Accessing E-books 4i Using LISTSERV, Blogs, and Chat E-mail News Groups Real-Time Chatting 4j Examining Library Holdings via Online Access 4k Finding an Internet Bibliography Search Engine 4l Conducting Archival Research on the Internet Go to the Library Go to an Edited Search Engine Go to a Metasearch Engine Go to a LISTSERV or Usenet Group Utilize Newspaper Archives Charting Your Research Project Chapter 5 Gathering Sources in the Library Goals and Outcomes 5a Launching the Search 5b Developing a Working Bibliography Works Cited Entry for a Book (MLA style) Works Cited Entry for a Journal Article (MLA style) Works Cited Entry for a Magazine Article (MLA style) Works Cited Entry for an Article Found on an Academic Database (MLA Style) Bibliography Entry for an Internet Article (MLA style) 5c Finding Books on Your Topic Using Your Library’s Electronic Book Catalog Search Results Using the Library’s Bibliographies Using the Trade Bibliographies  Using the Bibliographies in the Appendix  Examining the Bibliography at the End of a Book  Searching for Bibliographies at the End of Journal Articles 5d Finding Articles in Magazines and Journals Searching the General Indexes to Periodicals Finding Indexes by Topic in the Appendix Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature Social Sciences Index Humanities Index Other Indexes Searching for an Index to Abstracts Searching for Abstracts of Dissertations 5e Searching for a Biography Biography Index Current Biography Yearbook Contemporary Authors Dictionary of Literary Biography 5f Searching for Articles in Newspaper Indexes 5g Searching Special Subject Directories 5h Searching for Government Documents 5i Searching for Essays within Books Charting Your Research Project Chapter 6 Conducting Field Research Goals and Outcomes 6a Investigating Local Sources Interviewing Knowledgeable People Writing Letters and Corresponding by E-mail Reading Personal Papers Attending Lectures and Public Addresses 6b Investigating Government Documents Local Government State Government Federal Government 6c Examining Audiovisual Materials, Television, and Radio 6d Conducting a Survey with a Questionnaire 6e Conducting Experiments, Tests, and Observation Charting Your Research Project Chapter 7 Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism Goals and Outcomes 7a Using Sources to Enhance Your Credibility 7b Placing Your Work in Its Proper Context 7c Understanding Copyright 7d Avoiding Plagiarism Common Knowledge Correctly Borrowing from a Source 7e Sharing Credit in Collaborative Projects 7f Honoring and Crediting Sources in Online Classrooms 7g Seeking Permission to Publish Material on Your Website Charting Your Research Project Chapter 8 Reading and Evaluating Sources Goals and Outcomes 8a Finding Reliable Sources 8b Selecting a Mix of Primary and Secondary Sources 8c Evaluating Sources Evaluating the Key Parts of an Article Evaluating the Key Parts of a Book Evaluating the Key Parts of an Internet Article 8d Outlining a Source 8e Summarizing a Source 8f Preparing an Annotated Bibliography 8g Preparing a Review of the Literature on a Topic Charting Your Research Project Chapter 9 Writing Effective Notes and Creating Outlines Goals and Outcomes 9a Creating Effective Notes Honoring the Conventions of Research Style Using a Computer for Notetaking 9b Writing Personal Notes 9c Writing Direct Quotation Notes Quoting Primary Sources Quoting Secondary Sources 9d Writing Paraphrased Notes 9e Writing Summary Notes 9f Writing Précis Notes Use the Précis to Review Briefly an Online Article Use the Précis to Write an Annotated Bibliography Use the Précis in a Plot Summary Note Use the Précis as the Form for an Abstract 9g Writing Notes from Field Research 9h Creating Outlines Using Academic Models A General All-Purpose Model Model for Advancing Your Ideas and Theories Model for the Analysis of Creative Works Model for Argument and Persuasion Papers Model for Analysis of History Model for a Comparative Study 9i Writing a Formal Outline Using Standard Outline Symbols Writing a Formal Topic Outline Writing a Formal Sentence Outline Charting Your Research Project Chapter 10 Drafting the Paper in an Academic Style Goals and Outcomes 10a Focusing Your Argument Maintaining a Focus on Objective Facts and Subjective Ideas 10b Refining the Thesis Statement Using Questions to Focus the Thesis Adjust or Change Your Thesis During Research if Necessary 10c Writing an Academic Title 10d Drafting the Paper from Your Research Journal, Notes, and Computer Files Writing from Your Notes Writing with Unity and Coherence Writing in the Proper Tense Using the Language of the Discipline Writing in the Third Person Writing with the Passive Voice in an Appropriate Manner 10e Using Visuals Effectively in a Research Essay File Formats 10f Avoiding Sexist and Biased Language Charting Your Research Project Chapter 11 Blending Reference Material into Your Writing Goals and Outcomes 11a Blending Reference Citations into Your Text Making a General Reference without a Page Number Beginning with the Author and Ending with a Page Number Putting the Page Number Immediately after the Name Putting the Name and Page Number at the End of Borrowed Material 11b Citing a Source When No Author Is Listed Citing the Title of a Magazine Article Citing the Title of a Report Citing the Name of a Publisher or a Corporate Body 11c Citing Nonprint Sources That Have No Page Number 11d Citing Internet Sources Identify the Source with Name or Title Identify the Nature of the Information and Its Credibility Omitting Page and Paragraph Numbers to Internet Citations 11e Citing Indirect Sources 11f Citing Frequent Page References to the Same Work 11g Citing Material from Textbooks and Large Anthologies Works Cited Entry: 11h Adding Extra Information to In-Text Citations One of Several Volumes Two or More Works by the Same Writer Several Authors in One Citation Additional Information with the Page Number 11i Punctuating Citations Properly and Consistently Commas and Periods Semicolons and Colons Question Marks and Exclamation Marks Single Quotation Marks 11j Indenting Long Quotations 11k Citing Poetry Quoting Three Lines of Poetry or Less Quoting Four Lines of Poetry or More Indenting Turnovers for Long Lines of Poetry Retaining Internal Quotations within a Block Providing Translations 11l Handling Quotations from a Play 11m Altering Initial Capitals in Quoted Matter 11n Omitting Quoted Matter with Ellipsis Points Correctness  Omission within a Sentence  Omission at the End of a Sentence  Omission at the Beginning of a Sentence  Omission of Complete Sentences and Paragraphs  Omissions in Poetry  Avoid Excessive Use of Ellipsis Points  Ellipsis in the Original  11o Altering Quotations with Parentheses and Brackets Parentheses Brackets Use Brackets to Clarify  Use Brackets to Establish Correct Grammar within an Abridged Quotation  Use Brackets to Note the Addition of Italics  Use Brackets to Substitute a Proper Name for a Pronoun  Use Brackets with Sic to Indicate Errors in the Original  Charting Your Research Project Chapter 12 Writing the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion Goals and Outcomes 12a Writing the Introduction of the Research Paper Provide the Thesis Statement Provide the Enthymeme Provide a Hypothesis Relate to the Well Known Provide Background Information Review the Literature Review the History and Background of the Subject Take Exception to Critical Views Challenge an Assumption Provide a Brief Summary Define Key Terms Supply Data, Statistics, and Special Evidence 12b Writing the Body of the Research Paper Organize by Chronology Compare or Contrast Issues, Critical Views, and Literary Characters Develop Cause and Effect Define Your Key Terminology Explain a Process Ask Questions and Provide Answers Cite Evidence from the Source Materials Use a Variety of Other Methods 12c Writing the Conclusion of the Research Paper Restate the Thesis and Reach beyond It Close with an Effective Quotation Return the Focus of a Literary Study to the Author Compare the Past to the Present Offer a Directive or Solution Discuss Test Results and Limitations Charting Your Research Project Chapter 13 Revising, Proofreading, and Formatting the Rough Draft Goals and Outcomes 13a Conducting a Global Revision Revising the Introduction Revising the Body Revising the Conclusion Participating in Peer Review 13b Formatting the Paper to MLA Style Title Page or Opening Page Outline Abstract The Text of the Paper Content Endnotes Page Appendix Works Cited 13c Editing before Typing or Printing the Final Manuscript Using the Computer to Edit Your Text 13d Proofreading on the Screen and on the Printed Manuscript Charting Your Research Project 13e Sample Papers in MLA Style Short Literary Research Paper Sample Research Paper Chapter 14 Works Cited: MLA Style Goals and Outcomes 14a Formatting the Works Cited Page 14b Key Elements of the Works Cited List Bible  Blogs and Chat Rooms  Book Published before 1900  Book Title  Bulletin or Brochure  Cartoon  CD-ROM Resources and Recordings  Chapter or Portion of a Book  Classical Works  Collection, Component, or Part  Conference Proceedings  Corporation or Institution  Cross-References to Works in a Collection  Database  Dissertation  Drawings, Photocopies, and Transparencies  Edition  Editor, Translator, or Illustrator  Editorials, Notes, Letters, and Comments  E-mail  E-Mail Discussion Groups  Encyclopedia, Dictionary, or Reference Book  Essay or Thesis (Unpublished)  Film, Video, or DVD  Foreign Language Titles and References  Government Documents  Home Page for an Academic Site  Interview  Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword  Journal Article  Journal, with All Issues for a Year Paged Continuously  Lecture, Speech, or Public Address  Letter, Published  Magazine Article  Manuscript or Typescript  Map or Chart  Musical Composition  Newsletter  Newspaper Article  Novel  Page Numbers  Page Numbers, Nonconsecutive in an Article  Pamphlets, Programs, and Posters  Performance  Play  Poem  Publisher  Report  Reprinted Works  Republished Book  Review  Screenplay  Serialized Article or Lecture  Song  Sourcebook or Casebook  Special Issue  Table, Illustration, Graph, or Chart  Television or Radio Program  Title of the Article  Titles within Titles  Translator  University Article or Posting  Volumes  Volume, Issue, and Page Numbers for Journals  Chapter 15 Writing in APA Style Goals and Outcomes 15a Writing Theory, Reporting Test Results, or Reviewing Literature Theoretical Article Report of an Empirical Study Review Article 15b Writing in the Proper Tense for an APA Paper 15c Using In-Text Citations in APA Style 15d Preparing the List of References Book Part of a Book  Encyclopedia or Dictionary  Book with Corporate Author  Periodical Journal  Article Retrieved from a Database  Magazine  Newspaper  Abstract Abstract as the Cited Source  Abstract of an Unpublished Work  Review Report Nonprint Material Computer Program  DVD, Film  Interviews, Letters, and Memos  Unpublished Raw Data from a Study, Untitled Work  Sources Accessed Online Article from an Online Journal  Article with DOI Assigned  Article from a Printed Journal, Reproduced Online  Article from an Online-Only Newsletter  Document from a University Program or Department  Report from a University, Available on a Private Organization’s Website  Abstract  Article from a Printed Magazine, Reproduced Online  Article from an Online Magazine, No Author Listed  Article from an Online Newspaper  Blog (Web Log)  Bulletins  Government Document  Message Posted to an Online Discussion Group or Forum  Newsgroup, Message  Online Forum or Discussion Board Posting  Podcast  Symposium or Virtual Conference, Report  Wikis  Article from a Library Database CD-ROM Encyclopedia Article Full-Text Article 15e Formatting an APA Paper Theoretical Paper Report of Empirical Research Review Article 15f Writing the Abstract 15g Sample Paper in APA Style Chapter 16 The Footnote System: CMS Style Goals and Outcomes 16a Inserting a Superscript Numeral in Your Text Writing Full or Abbreviated Notes 16b Formatting and Writing the Footnotes 16c Writing Footnotes for Electronic Sources CD-ROM Source  Article from an Online Service  16d Writing Subsequent Footnote References 16e Writing Endnotes Rather Than Footnotes Notes 16f Writing Content Footnotes or Content Endnotes 16g Using the Footnote System for Papers in the Humanities Notes 16h Writing a Bibliography Page for a Paper That Uses Footnotes 16i Sample Research Paper in the CMS Style Chapter 17 CSE Style for the Natural and Applied Sciences Goals and Outcomes 17a Writing In-Text Citations Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System 17b Writing a References Page 17c Writing In-Text Citations with Name and Year 17d Using Name-Year with Bibliography Entries Arranging the References List 17e Sample Paper Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System Chapter 18 Creating Electronic and Multimedia Research Projects Goals and Outcomes 18a Beginning the Digital Project 18b Building Digital Presentations 18c Research Project Websites Creating a Single Web Page Importing, Entering, and Modifying Text Citing Your Sources in a Web-Based Research Paper 18d Using Graphics in Your Electronic Research Paper Graphic File Formats Creating Your Own Digital Graphics 18e Using Sound and Video in Your Electronic Research Paper 18f Preparing a Writing Portfolio 18g Presenting Research in Alternative Formats Charting Your Research Project Glossary Rules and Techniques for Preparing the Manuscript Appendix Finding Reference Works for Your General Topic Historic Issues of Events, People, and Artifacts At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Scientific Issues in Physics, Astronomy, and Engineering At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Issues of Health, Fitness, and Athletics At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Social and Political Issues At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Issues in the Arts, Literature, Music, and Language At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Environmental Issues, Genetics, and the Earth Sciences At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Issues in Communication and Information Technology At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Issues in Religion, Philosophy, and Psychology At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Issues in Business and Economics At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Popular Culture, Current Events, and Modern Trends At the library, investigate these books and academic databases: On the Internet, investigate these sites: Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z

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