لایب سان

1.1 Introduction......Page 11 1.2 The principles of oscillation......Page 12 1.3 The basic structure and requirements of an oscillator......Page 13 1.4 RC oscillators......Page 15 Phase-shift oscillators......Page 16 Wien bridge oscillator......Page 18 The twin-T oscillator......Page 21 The Colpitts oscillator......Page 23 The Hartley oscillator......Page 28 The Clapp oscillator......Page 31 The Armstrong oscillator......Page 33 1.6 Crystal oscillators......Page 34 1.8 Types of crystal oscillator......Page 35 1.9 Oscillator frequency stability......Page 36 1.10 Integrated circuit oscillators......Page 41 1.11 Further problems......Page 43 2.1 Introduction......Page 60 Amplitude modulation......Page 62 Power distribution in an AM wave......Page 64 Amplitude modulation techniques......Page 67 2.3 The balanced modulator/ demodulator......Page 69 2.4 Frequency modulation and demodulation......Page 70 Bandwidth and CarsonÌs rule......Page 0 2.5 FM modulators......Page 78 The phase-locked loop demodulator......Page 80 The ratio detector......Page 81 Frequency shift keying......Page 82 Phase shift keying (BPSK)......Page 85 Quadrature phase shift keying......Page 87 2.8 Further problems......Page 89 3.1 Introduction......Page 104 3.2 Passive filters......Page 106 Filter response......Page 107 Cut-off frequency and roll-off rate......Page 108 Filter orders......Page 109 3.4 First-order filters......Page 110 3.5 Design of first-order filters......Page 113 Low-pass second-order filters......Page 115 3.7 Using the transfer function......Page 119 3.8 Using normalized tables......Page 121 3.10 Second-order high-pass filters......Page 122 3.11 Additional problems......Page 128 3.12 Bandpass filters......Page 129 3.14 Switched capacitor filter......Page 133 3.15 Monolithic switched capacitor filter......Page 135 3.16 The notch filter......Page 136 Twin- T network......Page 137 The state variable filter......Page 138 Capacitor selection......Page 141 Signal generator and oscilloscope method......Page 142 The sweep frequency method......Page 145 4.1 Introduction......Page 170 4.2 Tuned circuits......Page 171 4.3 The Q factor......Page 172 4.5 Gain and bandwidth......Page 173 4.6 Effect of loading......Page 175 4.7 Effect of tapping the tuning coil......Page 178 4.9 Tuned primary......Page 182 4.10 Tuned secondary......Page 186 4.11 Double tuning......Page 190 4.12 Crystal and ceramic tuned amplifiers......Page 193 4.13 Integrated tuned amplifiers......Page 197 4.15 Further problems......Page 201 5.1 Introduction......Page 225 5.2 Transistor characteristics and parameters......Page 226 Using transistor characteristics......Page 227 5.3 Transistor bias......Page 229 Voltage divider bias......Page 233 5.4 Small signal voltage amplifiers......Page 235 5.5 The use of the decibel......Page 237 Class A (single-ended) amplifier......Page 238 Class B push-pull (transformer) amplifier......Page 242 Crossover distortion......Page 243 Class B complementary pair push- pull......Page 244 Practical analysis of class B push-pull parameters......Page 245 5.7 Calculating power and efficiency......Page 252 5.8 Integrated circuit power amplifiers......Page 256 LM380......Page 257 TDA2006......Page 258 5.9 Radio frequency power amplifiers......Page 259 5.10 Power amplifier measurements......Page 260 5.11 Further problems......Page 262 6.1 Introduction......Page 283 6.2 Operational considerations......Page 284 Phase detector......Page 285 Amplifier......Page 287 Voltage-controlled oscillator......Page 288 The Bode plot......Page 289 Compensation analysis......Page 291 6.5 Integrated phase-locked loops......Page 298 6.6 Phase-locked loop design using the HCC4046B......Page 301 6.7 Frequency synthesis......Page 304 Prescaling......Page 306 6.8 Further problems......Page 309 7.1 Introduction......Page 336 7.2 Phase delay and propagation velocity......Page 337 7.3 The propagation constant and secondary constants......Page 338 7.4 Transmission line distortion......Page 339 7.5 Wave reflection and the reflection coefficient......Page 340 7.6 Standing wave ratio......Page 342 Transmission modes......Page 344 The rectangular waveguide......Page 345 Cut-off conditions......Page 346 7.8 Microwave passive components......Page 351 The directional coupler......Page 352 Waveguide junctions......Page 353 Cavity resonators......Page 354 Probes......Page 359 Circulators and isolators......Page 361 Microwave tubes......Page 363 Multicavity magnetrons......Page 364 7.10 Further problems......Page 374 A Bessel table and graphs......Page 376 B Analysis of gain off resonance......Page 378 C Circuit analysis for a tuned primary amplifier......Page 380 D Circuit analysis for a tuned secondary......Page 382 E Circuit analysis for double tuning......Page 384 Index......Page 387

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