لایب سان

Ebook details:
عنوان: Sensation & Perception
نویسنده: Medicine & Health Science Books @ Amazon.com
ناشر: Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press; 5 edition (November 7, 2017)
زبان: English
شابک: 1605356417, 978-1605356419
حجم: 243 Mb
فرمت: Image Pdf

Front Endpapers Front Matter Copyright Page Brief Contents About the Authors Contents Preface Acknowledgments Media and Supplements Chapter 1 Introduction Welcome to Our World Sensation and Perception Thresholds and the Dawn of Psychophysics Psychophysical Methods Scaling Methods Signal Detection Theory Fourier Analysis Sensory Neuroscience and the Biology of Perception Neuronal Connections Neural Firing: The Action Potential Neuroimaging Development over the Life Span Summary Chapter 2 The First Steps in Vision: From Light to Neural Signals A Little Light Physics Eyes That Capture Light Focusing Light onto the Retina The Retina What the Doctor Saw Retinal Geography and Function Dark and Light Adaptation Pupil Size Photopigment Regeneration The Duplex Retina Neural Circuitry Retinal Information Processing Light Transduction by Rod and Cone Photoreceptors Lateral Inhibition through Horizontal and Amacrine Cells Convergence and Divergence of Information via Bipolar Cells Communicating to the Brain via Ganglion Cells Summary Chapter 3 Spatial Vision: From Spots to Stripes Visual Acuity: Oh Say, Can You See? A Visit to the Eye Doctor More Types of Visual Acuity Acuity for Low-Contrast Stripes Why Sine Wave Gratings? Retinal Ganglion Cells and Stripes The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus The Striate Cortex The Topography of the Human Cortex Some Perceptual Consequences of Cortical Magnification Receptive Fields in Striate Cortex Orientation Selectivity Other Receptive-Field Properties Simple and Complex Cells Further Complications Columns and Hypercolumns Selective Adaptation: The Psychologist’s Electrode The Site of Selective Adaptation Effects Spatial Frequency–Tuned Pattern Analyzers in Human Vision The Development of Vision Development of the Contrast Sensitivity Function Summary Chapter 4 Perceiving and Recognizing Objects From Simple Lines and Edges to Properties of Objects Pathways and The Problems of Perceiving and Recognizing Objects Mid-level Vision Finding Edges Texture Segmentation and Grouping Figure and Ground Dealing with Occlusion Parts and Wholes Summarizing Mid-level Vision From Metaphor to Formal Model Object Recognition Multiple Recognition Committees? Faces: An Illustrative Special Case Summary Chapter 5 The Perception of Color Basic Principles of Color Perception Three Steps to Color Perception Step 1: Color Detection Step 2: Color Discrimination The Principle of Univariance The Trichromatic Solution Metamers The History of Trichromatic Theory A Brief Digression into Lights, Filters, and Finger Paints From Retina to Brain: Repackaging the Information Cone-Opponent Cells in the Retina and LGN A Different Ganglion Cell Helps to Keep Track of Day and Night Step 3: Color Appearance Three Numbers, Many Colors The Limits of the Rainbow Opponent Colors Color in the Visual Cortex Individual Differences in Color Perception Language and Color Genetic Differences in Color Vision From the Color of Lights to a World of Color Adaptation and Afterimages Color Constancy The Problem with the Illuminant Physical Constraints Make Constancy Possible What Is Color Vision Good For? Summary Chapter 6 Space Perception and Binocular Vision Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space Pictorial Depth Cues Occlusion Size and Position Cues Aerial Perspective Linear Perspective Seeing Depth in Pictures Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space Motion Cues Accommodation and Convergence Binocular Vision and Stereopsis Stereoscopes and Stereograms Random Dot Stereograms Using Stereopsis Stereoscopic Correspondence The Physiological Basis of Stereopsis and Depth Perception Combining Depth Cues The Bayesian Approach Revisited Illusions and the Construction of Space Binocular Rivalry and Suppression Development of Binocular Vision and Stereopsis Abnormal Visual Experience Can Disrupt Binocular Vision Summary Chapter 7 Attention and Scene Perception Selection in Space The “Spotlight” of Attention Visual Search Feature Searches Are Efficient Many Searches Are Inefficient In Real-World Searches, Basic Features Guide Visual Search In Real-World Searches, Properties of Scenes Guide Visual Search The Binding Problem in Visual Search Attending in Time: RSVP and the Attentional Blink The Physiological Basis of Attention Attention Could Enhance Neural Activity Attention Could Enhance the Processing of a Specific Type of Stimulus Attention and Single Cells Attention May Change the Way Neurons Talk to Each Other Disorders of Visual Attention Neglect Extinction Perceiving and Understanding Scenes Two Pathways to Scene Perception The Nonselective Pathway Computes Ensemble Statistics The Nonselective Pathway Computes Scene Gist and Layout— Very Quickly Memory for Objects and Scenes Is Amazingly Good But, Memory for Objects and Scenes Can Be Amazingly Bad: Change Blindness What Do We Actually See? Summary Chapter 8 Visual Motion Perception Motion Aftereffects Computation of Visual Motion Apparent Motion The Correspondence Problem—Viewing through an Aperture Detection of Global Motion in Area MT Second-Order Motion Motion Induced Blindness (MIB) Using Motion Information Going with the Flow: Using Motion Information to Navigate Avoiding Imminent Collision: The Tao of Tau Something in the Way You Move: Using Motion Information to Identify Objects Eye Movements Physiology and Types of Eye Movements Eye Movements and Reading Saccadic Suppression and the Comparator Updating the Neural Mechanisms for Eye Movement Compensation Development of Motion Perception Summary Chapter 9 Hearing: Physiology and Psychoacoustics The Function of Hearing What Is Sound? Basic Qualities of Sound Waves: Frequency and Amplitude Sine Waves and Complex Sounds Basic Structure of the Mammalian Auditory System Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear The Auditory Nerve Auditory Brain Structures Basic Operating Characteristics of the Auditory System Intensity and Loudness Frequency and Pitch Hearing Loss Treating Hearing Loss Using versus Detecting Sound Summary Chapter 10 Hearing in the Environment Sound Localization Interaural Time Difference Interaural Level Difference Cones of Confusion Pinnae and Head Cues Auditory Distance Perception Spatial Hearing When Blind Complex Sounds Harmonics Timbre Attack and Decay Auditory Scene Analysis Spatial, Spectral, and Temporal Segregation Grouping by Timbre Grouping by Onset When Sounds Become Familiar Continuity and Restoration Effects Restoration of Complex Sounds Auditory Attention Summary Chapter 11 Music and Speech Perception Music Musical Notes Making Music Speech Speech Production Speech Perception Learning to Listen Speech in the Brain Summary Chapter 12 Vestibular Sensation Vestibular Contributions Evolutionary Development and Vestibular Sensation Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation Sensing Angular Motion, Linear Motion, and Tilt Basic Qualities of Spatial Orientation: Amplitude and Direction The Vestibular Periphery Hair Cells: Mechanical Transducers Semicircular Canals Otolith Organs Spatial Orientation Perception Rotation Perception Translation Perception Tilt Perception Sensory Integration Visual-Vestibular Integration Active Sensing Reflexive Vestibular Responses Vestibulo-Ocular Responses Vestibulo-Autonomic Responses Vestibulo-Spinal Responses Spatial Orientation Cortex Vestibular Thalamocortical Pathways Cortical Influences When the Vestibular System Goes Bad Falls and Vestibular Function Mal de Debarquement Syndrome Ménière’s Syndrome Summary Chapter 13 Touch Touch Physiology Touch Receptors From Skin to Brain Pain Tactile Sensitivity and Acuity How Sensitive Are We to Mechanical Pressure? How Finely Can We Resolve Spatial Details? How Finely Can We Resolve Temporal Details? Do People Differ in Tactile Sensitivity? Haptic Perception Perception for Action Action for Perception System of Touch: Perceiving Objects and Their Properties The System of Touch: Locating Objects The Tactile Spatial Attention Social Touch Interactions between Touch and Other Modalities Summary Chapter 14 Olfaction Olfactory Physiology Odors and Odorants The Human Olfactory Apparatus Neurophysiology of Olfaction The Genetic Basis of Olfactory Receptors The Feel of Scent From Chemicals to Smells Theories of Olfactory Perception The Importance of Patterns Is Odor Perception Synthetic or Analytical? The Power of Sniffing Odor Imagery Olfactory Psychophysics, Identification, and Adaptation Detection, Discrimination, and Recognition Psychophysical Methods for Detection and Discrimination Identification Individual Differences Adaptation Cognitive Habituation Olfactory Hedonics Familiarity and Intensity Nature or Nurture? An Evolutionary Argument Caveats Associative Learning and Emotion: Neuroanatomical and Evolutionary Considerations The Vomeronasal Organ, Human Pheromones, and Chemosignals Summary Chapter 15 Taste Taste versus Flavor Localizing Flavor Sensations Anatomy and Physiology of the Gustatory System Taste Myth: The Tongue Map Taste Buds and Taste Receptor Cells Extraoral Locations for Taste Receptors Taste Processing in the Central Nervous System The Four Basic Tastes? Salty Sour Bitter Sweet Are There More Than Four Basic Tastes? Does It Matter? Umami Fat Genetic Variation in Bitter Supertasters Health Consequences of Variation in Taste Sensations How Do Taste and Flavor Contribute to the Regulation of Nutrients? Taste Flavor Is All Olfactory Affect Learned? The Nature of Taste Qualities Taste Adaptation and Cross-Adaptation Pleasure and Retronasal versus Orthonasal Olfaction The Pleasure of the Burn of Chili Peppers Summary Glossary References Photo Credits Index About the Book

برای ارسال نظر لطفا وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید