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Ebook details:
عنوان: Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fifth Edition)
نویسنده: Slonczewski, Joan L., Foster, John W., Zinser, Erik R.
ناشر: W. W. Norton & Company
زبان: English
شابک: 0393419967, 978-0393419962

9780393420104, 0393420108

9780393419962|9780393420012|9780393419993, 0393419967|0393420019|0393419991
حجم: 350 Mb
فرمت: Epub + Converted Pdf

Cover Publisher’s Notice Half-title Page Title Page Copyright Dedication Brief Contents Contents eTopic and eAppendix Contents Preface About the Authors Chapter 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery 1.1 From Germ to Genome: What Is a Microbe? 1.2 Microbes Shape Human History 1.3 Medical Microbiology 1.4 Environment and Ecology 1.5 The Microbial Family Tree 1.6 Cell Biology and the DNA Revolution Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 2: Observing the Microbial Cell 2.1 Observing Microbes 2.2 Optics and Properties of Light 2.3 Bright-Field Microscopy 2.4 Fluorescence Microscopy, Super-Resolution Imaging, and Chemical Imaging 2.5 Dark-Field and Phase-Contrast Microscopy 2.6 Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopy, and X-Ray Crystallography Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function 3.1 The Bacterial Cell: An Overview 3.2 The Cell Membrane and Transport 3.3 The Envelope and Cytoskeleton 3.4 Bacterial Cell Division 3.5 Cell Polarity, Membrane Vesicles, and Nanotubes 3.6 Specialized Structures Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development 4.1 Microbial Nutrition 4.2 Nutrient Uptake 4.3 Culturing and Counting Bacteria 4.4 The Growth Cycle 4.5 Biofilms 4.6 Cell Differentiation Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 5: Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth 5.1 Environmental Limits on Growth: Temperature and Pressure 5.2 Osmolarity 5.3 Hydronium (pH) and Hydroxide Ion Concentrations 5.4 Oxygen 5.5 Nutrient Deprivation and Starvation 5.6 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Control of Microbes Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 6: Viruses 6.1 Viruses in Ecosystems 6.2 Virus Structure 6.3 Viral Genomes and Classification 6.4 Bacteriophages: The Gut Virome 6.5 Animal and Plant Viruses 6.6 Culturing Viruses Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 7: Genomes and Chromosomes 7.1 DNA: The Genetic Material 7.2 Genome Organization 7.3 DNA Replication 7.4 Plasmids and Secondary Chromosomes 7.5 Eukaryotic and Archaeal Chromosomes 7.6 Microbiomes and Metagenomes Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 8: Transcription, Translation, and Protein Processing 8.1 RNA Polymerases and Sigma Factors 8.2 Transcription of DNA to RNA 8.3 Translation of RNA to Protein 8.4 Protein Modification, Folding, and Degradation 8.5 Secretion: Protein Traffic Control Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 9: Genetic Change and Genome Evolution 9.1 Mutations 9.2 DNA Repair 9.3 Gene Transfer: Mechanisms and Barriers 9.4 Mobile Genetic Elements 9.5 Genome Evolution Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 10: Molecular Regulation 10.1 Transcription Repressors and Activators 10.2 Alternative Sigma Factors and Anti-Sigma Factors 10.3 Regulation by RNA 10.4 Second Messengers 10.5 Clocks, Thermometers, and Switches 10.6 Chemotaxis: Posttranslational Regulation of Cell Behavior Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 11: Viral Molecular Biology 11.1 Phage Lambda: Enteric Bacteriophage 11.2 Influenza Virus: (–) Strand RNA Virus 11.3 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Retrovirus 11.4 Endogenous Retroviruses and Gene Therapy 11.5 Herpes Simplex Virus: DNA Virus Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 12: Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology 12.1 DNA Amplification and Sequence Analysis 12.2 Genetic Manipulation of Microbes 12.3 Gene Expression Analysis 12.4 Applied Biotechnology 12.5 Synthetic Biology: Biology by Design Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 13: Energetics and Catabolism 13.1 Energy for Life 13.2 Energy Carriers and Electron Transfer 13.3 Catabolism: The Microbial Buffet 13.4 Glucose Fermentation and Respiration 13.5 The Gut Microbiome: Friends with Benefits 13.6 Aromatic Catabolism and Syntrophy Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy 14.1 Electron Transport Systems and the Proton Motive Force 14.2 The Respiratory ETS and ATP Synthase 14.3 Anaerobic Respiration 14.4 Nanowires, Electron Shuttles, and Fuel Cells 14.5 Lithotrophy and Methanogenesis 14.6 Phototrophy Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 15: Biosynthesis 15.1 Overview of Biosynthesis 15.2 CO₂ Fixation: The Calvin Cycle and Other Pathways 15.3 Fatty Acids and Antibiotics 15.4 Nitrogen Fixation and Regulation 15.5 Amino Acids and Nitrogenous Bases Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 16: Food and Industrial Microbiology 16.1 Microbial Foods 16.2 Acid- and Alkali-Fermented Foods 16.3 Ethanolic Fermentation: Bread and Wine 16.4 Food Spoilage and Preservation 16.5 Industrial Microbiology 16.6 Microbial Gene Vectors for Plants and Human Gene Therapy Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 17: Origins and Evolution 17.1 Origins of Life 17.2 Forming the First Cells 17.3 Evolution: Phylogeny and Gene Transfer 17.4 Natural Selection and Adaptation 17.5 Microbial Species and Taxonomy 17.6 Symbiosis and the Origin of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 18: Bacterial Diversity 18.1 Bacterial Diversity at a Glance 18.2 Cyanobacteria: Oxygenic Phototrophs 18.3 Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Actinobacteria (Gram-Positive) 18.4 Proteobacteria (Gram-Negative) 18.5 Spirochetes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorobi (Deep-Branching Gram-Negative) 18.6 Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Chlamydiae (PVC Superphylum) Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 19: Archaeal Diversity 19.1 Archaeal Diversity at a Glance 19.2 Tack Hyperthermophiles Eat Sulfur 19.3 Thaumarchaeota: Ammonia Oxidizers and Animal Symbionts 19.4 Euryarchaeota: Methanogens from Gut to Globe 19.5 Haloarchaea and Other Euryarchaeotes: Underground and Under Ocean 19.6 DPANN Symbionts, Altiarchaeales, and Asgard: Branch to Eukaryotes? Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 20: Eukaryotic Diversity 20.1 Phylogeny of Eukaryotes 20.2 Fungi 20.3 Amebas and Slime Molds 20.4 Algae 20.5 Alveolates: Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, and Apicomplexans 20.6 Parasitic Protozoa Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 21: Microbial Ecology 21.1 Microbial Communities: Metagenomes and Single-Cell Sequencing 21.2 Functional Ecology 21.3 Symbiosis 21.4 Animal Digestive Microbiomes 21.5 Marine and Freshwater Microbes 21.6 Soil and Plant Microbial Communities Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 22: Element Cycles and Environmental Microbiology 22.1 The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change 22.2 The Hydrologic Cycle and Wastewater Treatment 22.3 The Nitrogen Cycle 22.4 Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Metals 22.5 Our Built Environment 22.6 Astrobiology Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 23: The Human Microbiome and Innate Immunity 23.1 The Human Microbiome 23.2 Benefits and Risks of Microbiota 23.3 Overview of the Immune System 23.4 Physical and Chemical Defenses against Infection 23.5 Innate Immunity: Surveillance, Cytokines, and Inflammation 23.6 Complement and Fever Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 24: The Adaptive Immune Response 24.1 Overview of Adaptive Immunity 24.2 Antibody Structure, Diversity, and Synthesis 24.3 T Cells Link Antibody and Cellular Immune Systems 24.4 Complement as Part of Adaptive Immunity 24.5 Gut Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome 24.6 Immunization 24.7 Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 25: Pathogenesis 25.1 Host-Pathogen Interactions 25.2 Microbial Attachment: First Contact 25.3 Toxins Subvert Host Functions 25.4 Deploying Toxins and Effectors 25.5 Surviving within the Host 25.6 Tools Used to Probe Pathogenesis Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 26: Microbial Diseases 26.1 Skin, Soft-Tissue, and Bone Infections 26.2 Respiratory Tract Infections 26.3 Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 26.4 Genitourinary Tract Infections 26.5 Cardiovascular and Systemic Infections 26.6 Central Nervous System Infections Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 27: Antimicrobial Therapy and Discovery 27.1 Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Therapy 27.2 Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action 27.3 Challenges of Drug Resistance and Discovery 27.4 Antiviral Agents 27.5 Antifungal Agents Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Chapter 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology 28.1 Clinical Specimen Collection and Handling 28.2 Pathogen Identification by Culture and Phenotype 28.3 Molecular and Serological Identification of Pathogens 28.4 Epidemiology 28.5 Detecting Emerging Microbial Diseases Concluding Thoughts Chapter Review Appendix: Reference and Review A.1 A Periodic Table of the Elements A.2 Chemical Functional Groups A.3 Amino Acids A.4 The Genetic Code A.5 Calculating the Standard Free Energy Change of Chemical Reactions A.6 Generalized Cells A.7 Semipermeable Membranes A.8 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cell Division Answers to Thought Questions Glossary Credits Index Gut Microbiome Marine Microbes

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