لایب سان

Ebook details:
عنوان: Emergency Care (13th Edition) (EMT)
نویسنده: Medicine & Health Science Books @ Amazon.com
ناشر: Pearson; 13 edition (February 21, 2015)
زبان: English
شابک: 0134024559, 978-0134024554
حجم: 217 Mb
فرمت: Epub

Emergency Care Emergency Care Brief Contents Detailed Contents Photo Scans Visual Guides Letter to Students Preface Section 1 Foundations: Chapters 1–8 Section 2 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation: Chapters 9–10 Section 3 Patient Assessment: Chapters 11–15 Section 4 Medical Emergencies: Chapters 16–24 Section 5 Trauma: Chapters 25–31 Section 6 Special Populations: Chapters 32–35 Section 7 Operations: Chapters 36–39 Appendixes and References Our Goal: Improving Future Training and Education About the People About the Authors A Guide to Key Features Section 1 Foundations 1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Care Standard Competency Core Concept Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction The Emergency Medical Services System How It Began EMS Today Components of the EMS System Accessing the EMS System Levels of EMS Training Roles and Responsibilities of the EMT Traits of a Good EMT Physical Traits Personal Traits Education Where Will You Become a Provider? National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians Quality Improvement Medical Direction The EMS Role in Public Health Research The Basics of EMS Research Methods of Reducing Bias Prospective versus Retrospective Randomization Control Groups Study Group Similarity Types of Medical Research Questions to Ask When Evaluating a Research Study Questions to Ask Before Participating in EMS Research Special Issues Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 2 The Well-Being of the EMT Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Well-Being Personal Protection Standard Precautions Personal Protective Equipment Protective Gloves Hand Cleaning Eye and Face Protection Masks Gowns Diseases of Concern Emerging Diseases and Conditions Infection Control and the Law Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Ryan White CARE Act Tuberculosis Compliance Mandate Immunizations Emotion and Stress Physiologic Aspects of Stress Types of Stress Reactions Acute Stress Reaction Delayed Stress Reaction Cumulative Stress Reaction Causes of Stress Signs and Symptoms of Stress Dealing with Stress Lifestyle Changes Critical Incident Stress Management Understanding Reactions to Death and Dying Scene Safety Hazardous Material Incidents Terrorist Incidents Rescue Operations Violence Plan Observe React to Danger Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 3 Lifting and Moving Patients Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Protecting Yourself: Body Mechanics Protecting Your Patient: Emergency, Urgent, and Non-Urgent Moves Emergency Moves Urgent Moves Non-Urgent Moves Patient-Carrying Devices Wheeled Stretchers Power Stretcher Self-Loading (Manual) Stretcher Stair Chairs Spine Board Other Types of Stretchers Moving Patients onto Carrying Devices Patient with Suspected Spine Injury Patient with No Suspected Spine Injury Extremity Carry Draw-Sheet Method Direct Ground Lift Direct Carry Patient Positioning Positioning for Shock Transferring the Patient to a Hospital Stretcher Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 4 Medical/Legal and Ethical Issues Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Scope of Practice Patient Consent and Refusal Consent Expressed Consent Implied Consent Children and Mentally Incompetent Adults Involuntary Transportation When a Patient Refuses Care Do Not Resuscitate Orders and Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Other Legal Issues Negligence Duty to Act Good Samaritan Laws Confidentiality Special Situations Medical Identification Devices Organ Donors Safe Haven Laws Crime Scenes Special Reporting Requirements Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Question Street Scene Questions 5 Medical Terminology Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Medical Terminology The Components of Medical Terms Abbreviations and Acronyms Inside Outside When and When Not to Use Medical Terms The language of Anatomy and Physiology Anatomic Terms Directional Terms Positional Terms Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 6 Anatomy and Physiology Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concept Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Locating Body Organs and Structures Body Systems Musculoskeletal System Skull Spinal Column Thorax Pelvis Lower Extremities Upper Extremities Joints Muscles Respiratory System Respiratory Anatomy Respiratory Physiology Cardiovascular System Anatomy of the Heart Circulation of the Blood Composition of the Blood Pulse Blood Pressure Perfusion Life Support Chain Lymphatic System Nervous System Digestive System Inside Outside Integumentary System Endocrine System Renal System Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 7 Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction The Cell Water and the Cell Glucose and the Cell Oxygen and the Cell The Vulnerability of Cells, Organs, and Organ Systems The Cardiopulmonary System The Airway Visual Guide Chapter 7 Ventilation, Respiration and Perfusion The Lungs Respiratory Dysfunction Disruption of Respiratory Control Disruption of Pressure Disruption of Lung Tissue Respiratory Compensation The Blood Blood Dysfunction The Blood Vessels Blood Vessel Dysfunction Loss of Tone Excessive Permeability Hypertension The Heart Heart Dysfunction The Cardiopulmonary System: Putting It All Together Shock Pathophysiology of Other Systems Fluid Balance Disruptions of Fluid Balance Fluid Loss Poor Fluid Distribution The Nervous System Nervous System Dysfunction Trauma Medical Dysfunction The Endocrine System Endocrine System Dysfunction Too Many Hormones Not Enough Hormones The Digestive System Digestive Dysfunction Gastrointestinal Bleeding Vomiting and Diarrhea The Immune System Hypersensitivity (Allergic Reaction) Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 8 Life Span Development Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Infancy (Birth to 1 Year) Physiological Psychosocial Toddler Phase (12–36 Months) Physiological Psychosocial Preschool Age (3–5 Years) Physiological Psychosocial School Age (6–12 Years) Physiological Psychosocial Adolescence (13–18 Years) Physiological Psychosocial Early Adulthood (19–40 Years) Physiological Psychosocial Middle Adulthood (41–60 Years) Physiological Psychosocial Late Adulthood (61 Years and Older) Physiological Psychosocial Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Section 2 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation 9 Airway Management Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Airway Physiology Airway Pathophysiology Is the Airway Open? Will the Airway Stay Open? Signs of an Inadequate Airway Opening the Airway Head-Tilt, Chin-Lift Maneuver Jaw-Thrust Maneuver Airway Adjuncts Rules for Using Airway Adjuncts Oropharyngeal Airway Nasopharyngeal Airway Suctioning Suctioning Devices Mounted Suction Systems Portable Suction Units Tubing, Tips, and Catheters Techniques of Suctioning Keeping an Airway Open: Definitive Care Special Considerations Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 10 Respiration and Artificial Ventilation Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Physiology and Pathophysiology Mechanics of Breathing Physiology of Respiration Pathophysiology of the Cardiopulmonary System Respiration Adequate and Inadequate Breathing Inadequate Breathing Signs of Adequate Breathing Signs of Inadequate Breathing Respiratory Evaluation Hypoxia Decision Point When Do I Intervene? Positive Pressure Ventilation Techniques of Artificial Ventilation CPAP/BiPAP Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation Bag-Valve Mask Two-Rescuer BVM Ventilation—No Trauma Suspected Two-Rescuer BVM Ventilation—Trauma Suspected One-Rescuer BVM Ventilation Artificial Ventilation of a Stoma Breather Flow-Restricted, Oxygen-Powered Ventilation Device Automatic Transport Ventilator Oxygen Therapy Importance of Supplemental Oxygen Oxygen Therapy Equipment Oxygen Cylinders Pressure Regulators Flowmeters Low-Pressure Flowmeters High-Pressure Flowmeters Humidifiers Hazards of Oxygen Therapy Administering Oxygen Nonrebreather Mask Nasal Cannula Partial Rebreather Mask Venturi Mask Tracheostomy Mask Special Considerations Assisting with Advanced Airway Devices Preparing the Patient for Intubation Ventilating the Intubated Patient Assisting with a Trauma Intubation Blind-Insertion Airway Devices Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Section 3 Patient Assessment 11 Scene Size-Up Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Scene Size-Up Scene Safety VISUAL GUIDE Chapter 11 Scene Size-Up Establishing the Danger Zone Crime Scenes and Acts of Violence Standard Precautions Nature of the Call Mechanism of Injury Motor-Vehicle Collisions Falls Penetrating Trauma Blunt-Force Trauma Nature of the Illness Number of Patients and Adequacy of Resources Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 12 The Primary Assessment Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction The Primary Assessment Approach to the Primary Assessment Decision Making in the Primary Assessment Performing the Primary Assessment Form a General Impression Visual Guide Chapter 12 Primary Assessment The “Look Test” The Chief Complaint Assess Mental Status Assess the ABCs Airway Breathing Circulation Determine Priority Patient Characteristics and Primary Assessment ■ Mr. Schmidt—A Responsive Adult Medical Patient General Impression Mental Status, Airway, and Breathing Circulation Priority ■ Mrs. Malone—An Unresponsive Adult Medical Patient General Impression Mental Status Airway and Breathing Circulation Priority ■ Clara Diller—A Responsive Child Trauma Patient General Impression Mental Status, Airway, and Breathing Circulation Priority ■ Brian Sawyer—An Unresponsive Adult Trauma Patient General Impression Mental Status and Airway Breathing and Circulation Priority Comparing the Primary Assessments Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 13 Vital Signs and Monitoring Devices Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Gathering the Vital Signs Visual Guide Chapter 13 Obtaining Vital Signs Vital Signs Pulse Pulse Rate Pulse Quality Respiration Respiratory Rate Respiratory Quality Respiratory Rhythm Skin Pupils Blood Pressure Determining Blood Pressure by Auscultation Determining Blood Pressure by Palpation Determining Blood Pressure by Blood Pressure Monitor Temperature Oxygen Saturation When to Use a Pulse Oximeter Interpreting Pulse Oximeter Readings Cautions Determining Oxygen Saturation Blood Glucose Meters Using a Blood Glucose Meter Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 14 The Secondary Assessment Related Chapters Standards Competencies Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction The Secondary Assessment Components of the Secondary Assessment How Examinations Are Conducted The Big Picture Techniques of Assessment History-Taking Techniques Physical Examination Techniques Body System Examinations Respiratory System Respiratory Assessment—History Visual Guide Chapter 14 Medical Body System Exams Where you Perform the Exam Depends on Patient Priority and Status Unstable Patient—In the Ambulance; Stable Patient—On Scene Respiratory Assessment—Physical Examination Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Assessment—History Cardiovascular Assessment—Physical Examination Nervous System Neurologic Assessment—History Neurologic Assessment—Physical Examination Endocrine System Endocrine Assessment—History Endocrine Assessment—Physical Examination Gastrointestinal System Gastrointestinal Assessment—History Gastrointestinal Assessment—Physical Examination Immune System Immune System—Patient History Immune System—Physical Examination Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal Assessment—History Musculoskeletal Assessment—Physical Examination Secondary Assessment of the Medical Patient Responsive Medical Patient Take a History of the Present Illness Visual Guide Chapter 14 Medical Patient Assessment Develop a General Impression Oxygen Vital Signs Throughout the Call Take a Past Medical History Tailoring the Physical Exam for Specific Chief Complaints Perform a Physical Exam Obtain Baseline Vital Signs Administer Interventions and Transport the Patient Unresponsive Medical Patient Perform a Rapid Physical Exam Check for Medical ID Devices Check Pupils Obtain Baseline Vital Signs Consider a Request for ALS Personnel Take a History of the Present Illness and a Past Medical History Administer Interventions and Transport the Patient Mid-Chapter Review Secondary Assessment of the Medical Patient Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Secondary Assessment of the Trauma Patient Visual Guide Chapter 14 Trauma Patient Assessment Size up the Scene Primary Assessment Priority Determinat Ion On-Scene Examinat Ion Transport Perform Deta Iled Assessment and Reassessments en Route Notify Receiving Hospital Trauma Patient with Minor Injury/Low Priority Determine the Chief Complaint Conduct a History of the Present Illness Perform a Physical Exam Obtain Baseline Vital Signs and a Past Medical History Applying a Cervical Collar Trauma Patient with Serious Injury or Multisystem Trauma/High Priority Continue Spinal Stabilization Consider a Request for Advanced Life Support Personnel Perform a Rapid Trauma Assessment Rapid Assessment of the Head Rapid Assessment of the Neck Application of a Cervical Collar Rapid Assessment of the Chest Rapid Assessment of the Abdomen Rapid Assessment of the Pelvis Rapid Assessment of the Extremities Rapid Assessment of the Posterior Body and Immobilization on a Backboard Obtain Baseline Vital Signs and Past Medical History Some General Principles Detailed Physical Exam Trauma Patient with a Significant Injury Before Beginning the Detailed Physical Exam Performing the Detailed Physical Exam Trauma Patient Who Is Not Seriously Injured Mid-Chapter Review Secondary Assessment of the Trauma Patient Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Reassessment Components of Reassessment Repeat the Primary Assessment Reassess and Record Vital Signs Repeat Pertinent Parts of the History and Physical Exam Check Interventions Observing Trends Reassessment for Stable and Unstable Patients Mid-Chapter Review Reassessment Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Question Critical Thinking and Decision Making EMT Diagnosis and Critical Thinking How a Clinician Reaches a Diagnosis The Traditional Approach to Diagnosis in Medicine The Emergency Medicine Approach to Diagnosis The EMS Approach to Diagnosis The Highly Experienced Physician’s Approach to Diagnosis in Medicine How an EMT Can Learn to Think Like an Experienced Physician Mid-Chapter Review Critical Thinking and Decision Making Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Chapter Glossary 15 Communication and Documentation Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Communications Systems and Radio Communication Communications Systems Radio Communication Radio Transmissions throughout the Call Radio Medical Reports The Verbal Report Interpersonal Communication Team Communication Therapeutic Communication Prehospital Care Report Functions of the Prehospital Care Report Patient Care Record Legal Document Administrative Purposes Education and Research Quality Improvement Elements of the Prehospital Care Report Data Elements Run Data Patient Information Information Gathered during the Call Narrative Sections Special Documentation Issues Legal Issues Confidentiality Patient Refusals Falsification Correction of Errors Special Situations Multiple-Casualty Incidents Special Situation Reports Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Question Street Scene Questions Section 4 Medical Emergencies 16 General Pharmacology Related Chapters Standards Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Medications EMTs Can Administer Medications on the Ambulance Aspirin Oral Glucose Oxygen Activated Charcoal Prescribed Medications Bronchodilator Inhalers Nitroglycerin Epinephrine Auto-Injectors Other Drugs That May Sometimes Be Administered Naloxone Force Protection Medications General Information about Medications Drug Names What You Need to Know When Giving a Medication Medication Safety and Clinical Judgment Medication Authorization The Five Rights Routes of Administration Age- and Weight-Related Considerations Reassessment and Documentation Medications Patients Often Take Assisting in IV Therapy Setting Up an IV Fluid Administration Set Maintaining an IV Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 17 Respiratory Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Respiration Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology Adequate Breathing Inadequate Breathing Decision Points Adequate and Inadequate Artificial Ventilation Breathing Difficulty Special Considerations Regarding Pulse Oximeter Readings Special Considerations Regarding Auscultation of Lung Sounds Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Respiratory Conditions Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Asthma Pulmonary Edema Pneumonia Spontaneous Pneumothorax Pulmonary Embolism Epiglottitis Cystic Fibrosis Viral Respiratory Infections The Prescribed Inhaler Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies The Small-Volume Nebulizer Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 18 Cardiac Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Acute Coronary Syndrome Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies Pediatric Note Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies Causes of Cardiac Conditions Coronary Artery Disease Aneurysm Electrical Malfunctions of the Heart Mechanical Malfunctions of the Heart Angina Pectoris Acute Myocardial Infarction Congestive Heart Failure Cardiac Arrest Chain of Survival Immediate Recognition and Activation Early CPR High-Performance CPR Rapid Defibrillation Effective Advanced Life Support Integrated Post–Cardiac Arrest Care Management of Cardiac Arrest Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Types of AEDs How AEDs Work Coordinating CPR and AED for a Patient in Cardiac Arrest Decision Points Inside Outside Special Considerations for AED Use General Principles Coordination with ALS Personnel Coordination with Others Who Defibrillate before You Arrive Post-Resuscitation Care Patients Who Go Back into Cardiac Arrest Witnessed Arrests in the Ambulance Single Rescuer with an AED Contraindications Implants and Surgeries Quality Improvement Mechanical CPR Devices Using the LUCAS CPR device Using the Auto-Pulse Terminating Resuscitation Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Question Street Scene Questions Street Scene Question 19 Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Pathophysiology Assessing the Patient with Altered Mental Status Safety Primary Assessment Secondary Assessment Diabetes Glucose and the Digestive System Insulin and the Pancreas Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Emergencies Decision Point Is My Patient Hypoglycemic? Blood Glucose Meters Decision Point Can I Give Oral Glucose? Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Compared Other Causes of Altered Mental Status Sepsis Seizure Disorders Causes of Seizures Types of Seizures Partial Seizures Generalized Seizures Stroke Transient Ischemic Attack Decision Point Is My Patient Having a Stroke? Dizziness and Syncope Causes of Dizziness and Syncope Cardiovascular Causes Hypovolemic Causes Metabolic and Structural Causes Environmental/Toxicological Causes Other Causes Decision Point Is My Patient Stable? Is My Patient Likely to Remain Stable? Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 20 Allergic Reaction Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Allergic Reactions Inside Outside Distinguishing Anaphylaxis from Mild Allergic Reaction Decision Points First Take Standard Precautions Self-Administered Epinephrine Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies Additional Doses of Epinephrine Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 21 Poisoning and Overdose Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Poisoning Ingested Poisons Decision Points Food Poisoning Activated Charcoal First Take Standard Precautions Activated Charcoal versus Syrup of Ipecac Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies Dilution Antidotes Medication Name Indications Contraindications Medication Form Dosage Administration Actions Side Effects Reassessment Strategies Inhaled Poisons Carbon Monoxide Smoke Inhalation “Detergent Suicides” Absorbed Poisons First Take Standard Precautions Injected Poisons Poison Control Centers Alcohol and Substance Abuse Alcohol Abuse Substance Abuse Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 22 Abdominal Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Abdominal Anatomy and Physiology Abdominal Pain or Discomfort Abdominal Conditions Appendicitis Peritonitis Cholecystitis/Gallstones Pancreatitis Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Hernia Renal Colic Cardiac Involvement Assessment and Care of Abdominal Pain or Discomfort Scene Size-Up Primary Assessment History History of the Present Illness History Specific to Female Patients Past Medical History Allergies Medications Pertinent Past History Last Oral Intake Events Leading to the Emergency Physical Examination of the Abdomen Vital Signs General Abdominal Distress Decision Point Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 23 Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies and Suicide Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies What Is a Behavioral Emergency? Psychiatric Conditions Physical Causes of Altered Mental Status Situational Stress Reactions Acute Psychosis Emergency Care for Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies Assessment and Care for Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies Decision Points Suicide Aggressive or Hostile Patients Reasonable Force and Restraint Transport to an Appropriate Facility Medical/Legal Considerations Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 24 Hematologic and Renal Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction The Hematologic System Blood Clotting Coagulopathies Identifying Patients with Coagulopathies Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia Decision Point The Renal System Diseases of the Renal System Urinary Tract Infections Kidney Stones Patients with Urinary Catheters Renal Failure Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Medical Emergencies with End-Stage Renal Disease Complications of ESRD Decision Point Complications of Dialysis Kidney Transplant Patients Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Street Scene Question Section 5 Trauma 25 Bleeding and Shock Related Chapters Standards Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction The Circulatory System Main Components Bleeding External Bleeding Massive Hemorrhage Other External Hemorrhage Assessment and Care of External Hemorrhage Assessing the Bleeding Patient Decision Points Controlling External Bleeding Direct Pressure Elevation Hemostatic Agents Tourniquet A Systematic Approach to Treat Uncontrolled External Hemorrhage.  Other Methods of Bleeding Control Splinting Cold Application Special Situations Involving Bleeding Head Injury Nosebleed Internal Bleeding Signs of Internal Bleeding Shock (Hypoperfusion) Causes of Shock Severity of Shock Types of Shock Emergency Care for Shock Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 26 Soft-Tissue Trauma Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Soft Tissues Closed Wounds Types of Closed Wounds Contusions Hematomas Closed Crush Injuries Blast Injuries Emergency Care for Closed Wounds Open Wounds Types of Open Wounds Abrasions Lacerations Penetrating Trauma and Punctures Avulsions Amputations Open Crush Injuries Bite Wounds Blast Injuries High-Pressure-Injection Injuries Emergency Care for Open Wounds Decision Point Treating Specific Types of Open Wounds Treating Abrasions and Lacerations Treating Penetrating Trauma Treating Impaled Objects Object Impaled in the Cheek Puncture Wound or Object Impaled in the Eye Treating Avulsions Treating Amputations Treating Genital Injuries Burns Classifying Burns by Agent and Source Classifying Burns by Depth Determining the Severity of Burns Classifying Burns by Severity Treating Specific Types of Burns Treating Specific Chemical Burns Radiological Burns Electrical Injuries Dressing and Bandaging Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 27 Chest and Abdominal Trauma Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Chest Injuries Closed Chest Injuries Open Chest Injuries Decision Points Occlusive and Flutter-Valve Dressings Injuries within the Chest Cavity Abdominal Injuries Decision Points Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 28 Musculoskeletal Trauma Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Musculoskeletal System Anatomy of Bone Self-Healing Nature of Bone Muscles, Cartilage, Ligaments, and Tendons General Guidelines for Emergency Care Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Injury Injury to Bones and Connective Tissue Assessment of Musculoskeletal Injuries Compartment Syndrome Decision Points Splinting Realignment of the Deformed Extremity Strategies for Splinting Hazards of Splinting Splinting Long-Bone and Joint Injuries Traction Splint Emergency Care of Specific Injuries Upper Extremity Injuries Lower Extremity Injuries Pelvic Wrap Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Street Scene Question 29 Trauma to the Head, Neck, and Spine Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Nervous and Skeletal Systems Nervous System Anatomy of the Head Anatomy of the Spine Injuries to the Skull and Brain Scalp Injuries Skull Injuries Brain Injuries Traumatic Brain Injuries Concussion Contusion Laceration Hematoma Intracranial Pressure Decision Points Decision Points Cranial Injuries with Impaled Objects Injuries to the Face and Jaw Nontraumatic Brain Injuries Glasgow Coma Scale Wounds to the Neck Injuries to the Spine Identifying Potential Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries Mechanisms of Spine Injury Physical Assessment for Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries Decision Point The Evolution of Spinal Care Spinal Motion Restriction—The Cervical Spine Spinal Motion Restriction—Immobilization Devices Spinal Motion Restriction Issues Spinal Motion Restriction in a Seated Patient Tips for Applying a Long Backboard Tips for Dealing with a Standing Patient Patient Found Wearing a Helmet Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Question 30 Multisystem Trauma Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Multisystem Trauma Determining Patient Severity Determining Severity: Physiologic Criteria Determining Severity: Anatomic Criteria Determining Severity: Mechanism of Injury Determining Severity: Special Patients and Considerations Internal Injuries Managing the Multisystem-Trauma Patient A Typical Call Analysis of the Call General Principles of Multisystem-Trauma Management Trauma Scoring Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 31 Environmental Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Exposure to Cold How the Body Loses Heat Generalized Hypothermia Predisposing Factors Obvious and Subtle Exposure Decision Point Passive and Active Rewarming Extreme Hypothermia Local Cold Injuries Active Rapid Rewarming of Frozen Parts Exposure to Heat Effects of Heat on the Body Patient with Moist, Pale, and Normal or Cool Skin Decision Point Decision Point Patient with Hot Skin, Whether Dry or Moist Decision Point Water-Related Emergencies Water-Related Accidents Drowning Rescue Breathing in or out of the Water Care for Possible Spinal Injuries in the Water Head-Chin Support Two Rescuers in Shallow Water Head-Splint Support One Rescuer in Shallow Water Head-Chin Support One Rescuer in Deep Water Diving Accidents Scuba-Diving Accidents Water Rescues Decision Point Ice Rescues Bites and Stings Insect Bites and Stings Snakebites Poisoning from Marine Life Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Section 6 Special Populations 32 Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Anatomy and Physiology External Genitalia Internal Genitalia The Vagina The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes The Uterus The Female Reproductive Cycle Fertilization Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy Changes in the Reproductive System Other Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy Supine Hypotensive Syndrome Labor and Delivery The Stages of Labor First Stage Second Stage Third Stage Patient Assessment Assessing the Woman in Labor Decision Points Decision Point Normal Childbirth Role of the EMT Preparing the Mother for Delivery Preparing the Obstetrics (OB) Kit Delivering the Baby First Take Standard Precautions The Neonate Assessing the Neonate Caring for the Neonate Keeping the Baby Warm Cutting the Umbilical Cord Neonatal Resuscitation Care after Delivery Caring for the Mother Delivering the Placenta Controlling Vaginal Bleeding after Birth Providing Comfort to the Mother Childbirth Complications Complications of Delivery Breech Presentation Limb Presentation Prolapsed Umbilical Cord Multiple Birth Premature Birth Meconium Emergencies in Pregnancy Excessive Prebirth Bleeding Ectopic Pregnancy Seizures in Pregnancy Miscarriage and Abortion Trauma in Pregnancy Stillbirths Cardiac Arrest in the Pregnant Patient Gynecological Emergencies Vaginal Bleeding Trauma to the External Genitalia Sexual Assault Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 33 Pediatric Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Developmental Characteristics of Infants and Children Anatomic and Physiologic Differences Head Airway and Respiratory System Chest and Abdomen Body Surface Blood Volume Psychological and Personality Characteristics Interacting with the Pediatric Patient The Adolescent Patient Supporting the Parents or Other Care Providers Assessing the Pediatric Patient Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) Scene Size-Up and Safety—Pediatric Primary Assessment—Pediatric Forming a General Impression Assessing Mental Status Assessing the Airway Assessing Breathing Assessing Circulation Identifying Priority Patients Secondary Assessment—Pediatric Physical Exam—Pediatric Head Nose and Ears Neck Airway Chest Abdomen Pelvis Extremities Reassessment—Pediatric Comparing Assessments Special Concerns in Pediatric Care Maintaining an Open Airway Clearing an Airway Obstruction Infant and Child BCLS Review Providing Supplemental Oxygen and Ventilations Caring for Shock Decision Point Protecting against Hypothermia Pediatric Medical Emergencies Respiratory Disorders Difficulty Breathing Differentiating Upper Airway Problems from Lower Airway Disorders Decision Points Decision Point Respiratory Diseases Croup Epiglottitis Other Pediatric Disorders Fever Meningitis Diarrhea and Vomiting Seizures Altered Mental Status Poisoning Drowning Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Pediatric Trauma Emergencies Injury Patterns Head Chest Abdomen Extremities Burns Child Abuse and Neglect Physical and Sexual Abuse Role of the EMT in Cases of Suspected Abuse or Neglect Infants and Children with Special Challenges Tracheostomy Tubes Home Artificial Ventilators Central Intravenous Lines Gastrostomy Tubes and Gastric Feeding Shunts The EMT and Pediatric Emergencies Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 34 Geriatric Emergencies Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Chapter Introduction The Geriatric Patient Age-Related Changes Decision Point Communicating with Older Patients History and Assessment of Older Patients Scene Size-Up and Safety Primary Assessment Forming a General Impression Assessing Mental Status Assessing the Airway Assessing Breathing Assessing Circulation Identifying Priority Patients Secondary Assessment History Physical Exam Baseline Vital Signs Steps of the Physical Exam Head and Neck Chest and Abdomen Pelvis and Extremities Spine Reassessment Illness and Injury in Older Patients Medication Side Effects and Interactions Decision Point Shortness of Breath Chest Pain Altered Mental Status Abdominal Pain and Gastrointestinal Bleeding Dizziness, Weakness, and Malaise Depression and Suicide Rash, Pain, and Flulike Symptoms Falls Elder Abuse and Neglect Effects on Relationships Loss of Independence Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 35 Emergencies for Patients with Special Challenges Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Patients with Special Challenges Disability Terminal Illness Obesity Homelessness and Poverty Autism Awareness Basic Calm Safety General Considerations in Responding to Patients with Special Challenges Advanced Medical Devices in the Home Variety of Health Care Settings Knowledgeable Caregivers A Knowledgeable Patient Following Protocols Diseases and Conditions Advanced Medical Devices Respiratory Devices Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Devices EMT Assessment and Transport Tracheostomy Tubes EMT Assessment and Transport Home Ventilators EMT Assessment and Transport Cardiac Devices Implanted Pacemakers and Cardiac Defibrillators EMT Assessment and Transport Left Ventricular Assist Devices EMT Assessment and Transport Gastrourinary Devices Feeding Tubes EMT Assessment and Transport Urinary Catheters EMT Assessment and Transport Ostomy Bags EMT Assessment and Transport Dialysis EMT Assessment and Transport Central IV Catheters EMT Assessment and Transport Physical Impairments EMT Assessment and Transport Abuse and Neglect Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Pathophysiology to Practice Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions Section 7 Operations 36 EMS Operations Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Chapter Introduction Preparing for the Ambulance Call Ambulance Supplies and Equipment Ensuring Ambulance Readiness for Service Ambulance Inspection, Engine Off Ambulance Inspection, Engine On Inspection of Patient Compartment Supplies and Equipment Receiving and Responding to a Call Role of the Emergency Medical Dispatcher Operating the Ambulance Being a Safe Ambulance Operator Understanding the Law Using the Warning Devices The Siren The Horn Visual Warning Devices Speed and Safety Escorted or Multiple-Vehicle Responses Factors That Affect Response Getting There: Navigating to the Scene Response Safety Summary Safety at Highway Incidents Keep Unnecessary Units and People off the Highway Avoid Crossovers Unless a Turn Can Be Completed without Obstructing Traffic If Yours Is the First Unit on Scene Wear Your PPE Place Cones/Flares and Reduce Emergency Lighting Unit Placement Is Important! Backing Up Transferring the Patient to the Ambulance Transporting the Patient to the Hospital Preparing the Patient for Transport Caring for the Patient en Route Transferring the Patient to the Emergency Department Staff Terminating the Call At the Hospital En Route to Quarters In Quarters Air Rescue When to Call for Air Rescue How to Call for Air Rescue How to Set up a Landing Zone How to Approach a Helicopter Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 37 Hazardous Materials, Multiple-Casualty Incidents, and Incident Management Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Hazardous Materials Training Required by Law Responsibilities of the EMT Recognize a Hazmat Incident Control the Scene Identify the Substance Establish a Treatment Area Rehabilitation Operations Care of Injured and Contaminated Patients Phases of Decontamination Mechanisms for Decontamination Decontamination Procedures Decontamination for Patients Wearing PPE Decontamination for Patients Not Wearing PPE Multiple-Casualty Incidents Multiple-Casualty-Incident Operations Incident Command System Command Command Functions Scene Size-Up Communications Organization Scene Management EMS Branch Functions Triage Primary Triage START Triage: A National Standard for Rapid Primary Triage Assess Respiration (Breathing Status) First Assess Radial Pulse Second Assess Level of Consciousness (Mental Status) Third Now Retriage the Priority 3 “Walking Wounded” Patients A Start Summary Patient Identification Secondary Triage and Treatment Transportation and Staging Logistics Communicating with Hospitals Psychological Aspects of MCIs Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 38 Highway Safety and Vehicle Extrication Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Chapter Introduction Highway Emergency Operations Initial Response Positioning Blocking Apparatus Exiting the Vehicle Safely Be Seen and Warn Oncoming Traffic Night Operations Vehicle Extrication Preparing for Rescue Sizing Up the Situation Recognizing and Managing Hazards Protective Gear for EMS Responders Working in Traffic During Extrication Operations Matching the Level Others Are Wearing Helmets Eye Protection Hand Protection Body Protection Safeguarding Your Patient Managing Traffic Using Flares for Traffic Control Supplemental Restraint Systems: Air Bags Energy-Absorbing Bumpers Spectators Electrical Hazards Broken Utility Pole with Wires Down Broken Utility Pole with Wires Intact Damaged Pad-Mounted Transformer Vehicle Fires Fire in the Engine Compartment Fire in the Passenger Compartment or Trunk Fire under the Vehicle Truck Fires Disabling a Vehicle’s Electrical System Stabilizing a Vehicle Vehicle on Its Wheels Vehicle on Its Side Vehicle on Its Roof Gaining Access Simple Access Complex Access Disentanglement: A Three-Part Action Plan Steps One and Two: Gain Access by Disposing of Doors and the Roof Step Three: Disentangle Occupants by Displacing the Front End Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scene Questions 39 EMS Response to Terrorism Related Chapters Standard Competency Core Concepts Objectives Key Terms Chapter Introduction Defining Terrorism Domestic Terrorism International Terrorism Types of Terrorism Incidents Terrorism and EMS Emergency Medical Responders as Targets Identify the Threat Posed by the Event Occupancy or Location Type of Event Timing of the Event On-Scene Warning Signs Recognize the Harms Posed by the Threat Time/Distance/Shielding Responses to Terrorism Responses to a Chemical Incident Types of Harm from Chemical Incidents Self-Protection Measures at a Chemical Incident Responses to a Biological Incident Critical Information about Biological Incidents What Is an Exposure? Four Major Routes of Entry What Is Contamination? Exposure versus Contamination Types of Harm from Biological Incidents Self-Protection Measures at a Biological Incident Responses to a Radiological/Nuclear Incident Types of Harm from Radiological/Nuclear Incidents Self-Protection Measures at a Radiological/Nuclear Incident Responses to an Explosive Incident Types of Harm from Explosive Incidents Self-Protection Measures at an Explosive Incident Dissemination and Weaponization The Respiratory Route Other Routes Weaponization Characteristics of CBRNE Agents Chemical Agents Chemical Agent Considerations Physical Considerations Volatility Considerations Chemical Considerations Toxicological Considerations Classifications of Chemical Agents Biological Agents Biological Agent Considerations Bacteria Anthrax Cholera Plague Q Fever Tularemia Toxins Botulinum Ricin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Trichothecene Mycotoxins (T2) Viruses Smallpox Encephalitis The Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) Radioactive/Nuclear Devices Potential Scenarios Military Nuclear Devices Improvised Nuclear Devices Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) or “Dirty Bomb.” Sabotage Effects of Radiation Incendiary Devices Blast Injury Patterns Lung Injury Ear Injury Abdominal Injury Brain Injury Treatment for Blast Injuries Strategy and Tactics Isolation Initial Considerations Establishing Perimeter Control Perimeter Control Factors Notification Identification Protection Decontamination Self-Protection at a Terrorist Incident Protect Yourself First How to Protect Yourself Recognize a Possible Terrorist Event Don’t Rush In! Understand the TRACEM-P Harms Time, Distance, and Shielding At a Chemical Incident At a Biological Incident At a Radiological/Nuclear Incident At an Explosive Incident Chapter Review Key Facts and Concepts Key Decisions Chapter Glossary Preparation for Your Examination and Practice Short Answer Thinking and Linking Critical Thinking Exercises Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Street Scenes Street Scene Questions Appendix A EMT Practice Examination Appendix B Basic Cardiac Life Support Review Before Beginning Resuscitation Rescue Breathing CPR Clearing Airway Obstructions Applying ECG Electrodes Post–Cardiac Arrest Care Medical Terms Direction of Movement, Position, and Anatomical Posture Planes Word Parts Anatomy and Physiology Illustrations Skeletal System Muscular System Respiratory System Cardiovascular System Nervous System Digestive System Integumentary System Endocrine System Renal System Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Special Senses Answer Key The Secondary Assessment Secondary Assessment of the Medical Patient (Mid-Chapter Review) Secondary Assessment of the Trauma Patient (Mid-Chapter Review) Reassessment (Mid-Chapter Review) Critical Thinking and Decision Making (Mid-Chapter Review) Glossary Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z Notes Notes Notes Notes Notes Notes

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