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Across the board recent writing in pneumatology has taken it for granted that when the New Testament or a church Father speaks of the Holy Spirit, it is really the Holy Spirit and he alone that is meant. Yves Congar, the celebrated theologian of the Holy Spirit, subscribed to this view but did not take it for granted. He endorsed as a general principle the patristic doctrine that the action of God outside him- self (ad extra) is common to all three persons of the Trinity.3 Hence, so this view goes, when something is asserted of a divine person in relation to an action in the world, the same is generally to be asserted of each of the other two persons as well. Congar also accepted that at times it is legitimate, perhaps even necessary, to restrict the attribution of such an action to one divine person alone. This latter principle, called “appropriation,” means that for sufficient reason a divine action ad extra may be “appropriated” or attributed to one particular divine person though really it is an action of God as such and therefore common to all three persons.