لایب سان

Ebook details:
عنوان: Biology
نویسنده: An Australian Focus
ناشر: McGraw-Hill Australia; 5th edition
زبان: English
شابک: 1743073410, 978-1743073414
حجم: 125 Mb
فرمت: True Pdf

Intro; Title; Copyright; Brief Contents; Contents; Case guide; The editors; Contributing authors; Reviewers and acknowledgments; Digital resources; How to use this book; Highlights of this edition; Interviews; INTRODUCTION: The nature of biology and science; Biology today; Unifying themes in biology; Living organisms are made of cells; Origin of life; Life's raw ingredients; Were RNA polymers the first molecules to store information and reproduce?; Concentration and containment of molecules in cell-like compartments; DNA is the basis of life; Life evolves: the theory of natural selection. The evolutionary tree of lifePhylogenies are the basis of classification; The practice of science; Scientific method; Making observations; Testing hypotheses by experiments; Experimental design; Scientific publication; Ethics, social responsibility and limitations in science; PART 1 CELL BIOLOGY AND ENERGETICS; CHAPTER 1 The nature of molecules; All life is composed of the same few elements; Elements are made of atoms; Electrons are in orbit around a nucleus; Chemical bonding of atoms makes molecules; Covalent bonds are created by sharing electrons between two atoms. Non-covalent bonds between atoms or moleculesWater is the medium of life; Properties of water; Water as a solvent; Non-polar molecules and hydrophobic interactions; Carbon is the atom on which biomolecules are constructed; Properties of carbon; Why is carbon unique?; Acids, bases and buffers; pH; Buffers; CHAPTER 2 Biological molecules; Biomolecules; Organic molecules; Synthesising macromolecules; Nucleic acids; DNA; RNA; Proteins; Protein structure and function; Primary structure of proteins; Secondary structure of proteins; Tertiary structure of proteins; Quaternary structure of proteins. Types of proteinsCarbohydrates; Monosaccharides; Disaccharides; Polysaccharides; Lipids; Simple lipids; Complex lipids; CHAPTER 3 The chemistry of life; Chemical reactions and life processes depend on energy; Energy and entropy; Laws of thermodynamics; Free energy; The equilibrium state of a reaction determines its available energy; Free energy and the equilibrium constant; Spontaneous chemical reactions and free energy; Rates of chemical reactions, activation energy and catalysis; Enzymes are biological catalysts; How enzymes are specific in their action; Models of enzyme action. Factors affecting enzyme activityCofactors and coenzymes; Chemical reactions drive events in cells; Metabolism; ATP is an energy carrier; Electron transport pathways; Oxidation and reduction reactions; Biological electron carriers; Energy in fuel molecules; CHAPTER 4 Functioning cells; The cellular basis of life; Prokaryotic cells; Eukaryotic cells; Studying the structure of cells; Membranes: boundaries and barriers; Fluidity of membranes; Permeability of membranes; The nucleus; Chromosomes; Nucleolus; Ribosomes; Endomembrane system; Endoplasmic reticulum; The Golgi apparatus.

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